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Human plasma proteins is pooled human plasma treated to reduce viral risk. It supplies a broad range of clotting proteins when several factors need replacing or during therapeutic plasma exchange.
Human prothrombin complex is a plasma-derived concentrate of proteins needed for blood clotting. It is given into a vein in hospital to replace these factors rapidly and control or prevent serious bleeding.
Human serum albumin is a plasma-derived version of a protein normally found in blood. It is infused into a vein to restore or maintain circulating blood volume when deficiency has been demonstrated and a colloid is appropriate.
Human tetanus immunoglobulin is a plasma-derived preparation containing antibodies against tetanus toxin. It provides temporary protection after certain tetanus-prone injuries and may be given alongside tetanus vaccination.
This human plasma-derived antibody preparation provides temporary passive immunity after exposure to chickenpox or shingles. It is licensed for susceptible people at increased risk of severe infection, but intramuscular VZIG has been withdrawn in the UK and other post-exposure options are generally used.
Hyaluronidase is an enzyme that temporarily breaks down hyaluronic acid in connective tissue. It helps injected fluids, local anaesthetics and some medicines spread through tissue, and can assist absorption of excess fluid or blood.
Hydralazine hydrochloride is a prescription vasodilator that relaxes small arteries, reducing resistance to blood flow. In adults, tablets are licensed as add-on treatment for moderate to severe hypertension and, with long-acting nitrates, for selected chronic heart failure. Intravenous treatment is licensed for hypertensive emergencies and hypertension with renal complications.
This combines irbesartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker, with hydrochlorothiazide, a thiazide diuretic. It treats essential hypertension in adults whose blood pressure is not adequately controlled by either component alone.
This combines an ACE inhibitor with a thiazide diuretic to lower blood pressure. Selected UK products are licensed for mild to moderate hypertension in adults already stabilised on the separate components in matching proportions.
This treatment combines an angiotensin II receptor blocker with a thiazide diuretic. The selected UK product treats essential hypertension when either component alone has not adequately controlled blood pressure.
This combines olmesartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker, with hydrochlorothiazide, a thiazide diuretic. It is used for adults with essential hypertension when olmesartan alone has not controlled blood pressure adequately.
This tablet combines telmisartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker, with hydrochlorothiazide, a thiazide diuretic. It treats essential hypertension in adults when telmisartan alone has not controlled blood pressure adequately.
Hydrochlorothiazide + valsartan combines an angiotensin receptor blocker with a thiazide diuretic. It is licensed for adults with essential hypertension not adequately controlled by either component alone.
Hydrocortisone is a corticosteroid that replaces the natural hormone cortisol or reduces inflammation. Oral formulations are mainly used for adrenal insufficiency and congenital adrenal hyperplasia; skin preparations treat inflammatory conditions such as eczema and dermatitis.
This prescription-only skin ointment combines a mild corticosteroid with a tetracycline antibiotic. It treats certain inflamed skin conditions with a secondary bacterial infection.
Hydrocortisone acetate is a mild corticosteroid applied to the skin. It reduces inflammation in contact dermatitis, eczema and reactions to insect bites.
This ointment combines a mild corticosteroid that reduces inflammation and itching with a local anaesthetic that numbs pain. It relieves symptoms around or inside the anus but does not remove the underlying cause.
This topical cream combines miconazole, an antifungal, with hydrocortisone, a mild corticosteroid that reduces inflammation. It treats athlete’s foot or candidal intertrigo accompanied by redness, itching or swelling.
Hydrocortisone butyrate is a topical corticosteroid that reduces skin inflammation. UK products are used for conditions such as eczema, dermatitis and selected forms of psoriasis when infection is not the cause.
Hydrocortisone sodium phosphate is a water-soluble corticosteroid that provides hydrocortisone. Depending on its formulation, it replaces cortisol or treats systemic, soft-tissue or eye inflammation.
Hydrocortisone sodium succinate is a water-soluble corticosteroid given by injection or infusion when a rapid systemic effect is needed, including some severe inflammatory, allergic and adrenal emergencies.
Hydrogen peroxide is an oxidising antiseptic that breaks down rapidly on contact with tissues. UK medicinal products include a cream for superficial skin infections and a solution historically licensed as a mild skin disinfectant, mouthwash or gargle.
Hydromorphone hydrochloride is a strong opioid painkiller. Selected UK prolonged-release capsules and injections or infusions are licensed to relieve severe pain in cancer.
Hydroxycarbamide is an oral cytotoxic treatment that slows DNA production in rapidly dividing cells. Selected UK products are licensed for sickle cell disease, certain myeloproliferative disorders and specific cancer treatment.
Hydroxychloroquine sulfate is an immune-modulating treatment used mainly for rheumatoid arthritis, lupus and certain inflammatory skin conditions. Benefit can take several weeks, and it is not a rapid-acting painkiller.
Hydroxyzine hydrochloride is a sedating first-generation antihistamine. The selected UK product is licensed for anxiety in adults and itching associated with urticaria or dermatitis in adults and children.
Hyetellose with sodium chloride is a lubricant eye-drop preparation that substitutes for natural tears and relieves dry-eye symptoms associated with reduced tear production.
Hyoscine is an antimuscarinic anti-sickness treatment. The transdermal patch is licensed to prevent travel-sickness symptoms such as nausea, vomiting and vertigo.
Hyoscine butylbromide is a peripheral antimuscarinic antispasmodic that relaxes smooth muscle in the digestive, biliary and urinary tracts. Tablets relieve gastrointestinal or genitourinary spasm and IBS symptoms; injections are used for acute spasm and some diagnostic procedures.
Hyoscine hydrobromide is an antimuscarinic that reduces signalling involved in nausea, vomiting and bodily secretions. Tablets can prevent travel sickness; injections have several hospital uses.
Hypromellose is an ocular lubricant that acts as an artificial tear. It coats and moistens the eye surface to relieve dryness and irritation caused by reduced or unstable tears.
Ibandronic sodium monohydrate supplies ibandronic acid, a nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate that slows osteoclast-driven bone breakdown. Selected UK products are licensed for postmenopausal osteoporosis; intravenous infusion products are also licensed for breast-cancer bone metastases and tumour-induced hypercalcaemia.
Ibrutinib is a targeted anticancer treatment called a Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor. It is used in adults with certain B-cell blood cancers, alone or alongside other cancer treatments.
This combines ibuprofen, an anti-inflammatory painkiller, with paracetamol, which reduces pain and fever differently. Oral products are licensed for temporary mild-to-moderate pain not adequately relieved by either ingredient alone; an intravenous formulation is licensed for acute moderate pain or fever when intravenous treatment is necessary.
This combination contains an NSAID painkiller and an oral nasal decongestant. It relieves cold and flu symptoms when congestion occurs with pain, headache, fever, sore throat or sinus pressure.
Combines ibuprofen, an NSAID, with pseudoephedrine, a decongestant, to relieve nasal or sinus congestion alongside pain or fever symptoms.
Icatibant acetate treats acute hereditary angioedema attacks caused by C1-esterase-inhibitor deficiency. It relieves attacks but does not prevent future ones.
Icosapent ethyl is a purified prescription omega-3 fatty-acid derivative converted to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Alongside a statin, it reduces cardiovascular events in selected adults with raised triglycerides and high cardiovascular risk.
Idarubicin hydrochloride is an anthracycline chemotherapy used mainly to induce remission in acute leukaemia, often with other chemotherapy. Selected oral capsules are also licensed for advanced breast cancer in particular circumstances.
Idarucizumab is a humanised antibody fragment that rapidly neutralises dabigatran’s anticoagulant effect. It is used in hospital when an adult taking dabigatran has life-threatening or uncontrolled bleeding, or needs emergency surgery or an urgent procedure.
Idebenone is an antioxidant that supports mitochondrial energy production. It is licensed for visual impairment caused by Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) in adolescents and adults, under specialist supervision.
Idelalisib blocks PI3K-delta, a signalling enzyme important to malignant B cells. It has specialist roles in selected chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and treatment-resistant follicular lymphoma in adults.
Idursulfase is an enzyme replacement therapy for Hunter syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis II). It replaces deficient iduronate-2-sulfatase, helping cells break down glycosaminoglycans that would otherwise accumulate in tissues.
Ifosfamide is a cytotoxic chemotherapy activated in the liver that damages cancer-cell DNA. Specialist oncology teams use it for malignant disease, alone or with other anticancer treatments, radiotherapy or surgery.
Iloprost trometamol provides iloprost, a synthetic version of prostacyclin that widens blood vessels and reduces platelet clumping. Selected UK products are used for primary pulmonary hypertension or severe circulation disorders affecting the limbs.
Imatinib mesilate is a targeted anticancer treatment called a tyrosine kinase inhibitor. It treats selected blood cancers and solid tumours driven by proteins such as BCR-ABL, KIT or PDGFR.
Imipramine hydrochloride is a tricyclic antidepressant. The selected UK oral solution is licensed for depressive illness and night-time bed-wetting in children.
Imiquimod is a topical immune-response modifier used in adults for external genital or perianal warts, selected superficial basal cell carcinomas and certain actinic keratoses.
Imlifidase is an immunosuppressive enzyme used before kidney transplantation. It temporarily breaks down IgG antibodies that would react against an available deceased-donor kidney, allowing some highly sensitised adults to proceed to transplantation.
Human rabies immunoglobulin is a plasma-derived preparation containing antibodies against rabies virus. It provides immediate, short-term protection after a clinically significant exposure while rabies vaccine produces a longer-lasting immune response.
Inclisiran sodium is a small interfering RNA treatment that lowers LDL cholesterol by reducing PCSK9 production in the liver. It is used alongside diet and usually other cholesterol-lowering treatment when LDL cholesterol remains above the agreed goal.
Indacaterol maleate is an inhaled long-acting beta-2 agonist bronchodilator. It keeps the airways open in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but does not treat sudden breathlessness.
Indapamide is a thiazide-like diuretic used to lower high blood pressure. It reduces sodium reabsorption in the kidneys and resistance in small arteries.
This combines perindopril, an ACE inhibitor, with indapamide, a thiazide-like diuretic. The selected product is licensed for adults with essential hypertension not adequately controlled by perindopril alone.
Indapamide hemihydrate is a thiazide-like diuretic that lowers blood pressure. Selected UK products are licensed for essential hypertension in adults.
Indigo carmine is a blue diagnostic dye given into a vein during surgery. It colours urine so the surgical team can see urine flowing through the ureters and identify suspected injury during abdominal or pelvic operations.
Indometacin is a prescription non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that reduces pain, inflammation and swelling. The selected UK product is a rectal suppository licensed for several inflammatory and painful conditions.
Indoramin hydrochloride is an alpha-blocker that relaxes smooth muscle around the prostate and urinary outlet, helping urine flow in benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Infliximab is a biological treatment that blocks tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), a protein involved in inflammation. Specialists use it for selected inflammatory bowel, joint, spinal and skin conditions, usually when other treatments have not worked adequately or are unsuitable.
Fluenz is a live, weakened influenza vaccine given as a nasal spray. It helps prevent influenza in eligible children and adolescents but does not protect against every circulating strain.