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Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is a live, weakened form of Mycobacterium bovis placed directly into the bladder to treat certain non-muscle-invasive bladder cancers or reduce their risk of returning after surgery. These products are not TB vaccines.
Baclofen is a centrally acting muscle relaxant used to reduce spasticity caused by conditions affecting the brain or spinal cord. It can ease spasms, stiffness and discomfort but does not treat the underlying condition.
Baloxavir marboxil is an oral antiviral that blocks influenza virus replication. It is licensed to treat uncomplicated influenza and prevent influenza after close exposure in people aged 3 weeks and over, subject to official recommendations.
Balsalazide disodium is an oral aminosalicylate that reduces inflammation in the large bowel. The selected UK product is licensed for mild-to-moderate active ulcerative colitis and maintaining remission.
A rectal treatment containing hydrocortisone and protective ingredients. It temporarily relieves haemorrhoids and anal itching but does not remove the underlying cause.
This topical and rectal combination protects and soothes irritated tissue. UK products are licensed for symptomatic relief of haemorrhoids and related anorectal conditions.
A topical cream for relieving discomfort from minor conditions around or inside the anus, mainly uncomplicated haemorrhoids and related irritation.
Bambuterol hydrochloride is an oral bronchodilator prodrug converted into terbutaline in the body. It is licensed for regular management of asthma, bronchospasm and reversible airways obstruction alongside appropriate anti-inflammatory asthma treatment. It does not relieve an asthma attack that has already started.
Baricitinib is an oral selective immunosuppressant that blocks Janus kinase signalling. It is used under specialist care for inflammatory joint, skin and hair-loss conditions.
Barium sulfate is an X-ray contrast agent used for diagnostic examinations, not treatment. When swallowed, it coats the digestive tract so the oesophagus, stomach and duodenum can be seen more clearly.
Basiliximab is a targeted monoclonal antibody used in hospital with other immunosuppressants to help prevent acute rejection after a first donor kidney transplant.
Beclometasone dipropionate is a corticosteroid that reduces inflammation. Depending on the formulation, it prevents asthma symptoms or treats rhinitis, inflammatory skin conditions or ulcerative colitis.
Beclometasone dipropionate plus formoterol fumarate dihydrate combines an inhaled corticosteroid with a long-acting bronchodilator. It reduces airway inflammation and helps keep airways open in adults with asthma; selected dry-powder products are also licensed for certain adults with severe COPD.
This inhaler combines beclometasone, which reduces airway inflammation, with formoterol and glycopyrronium, which help keep the airways open. The selected Trimbow pressurised inhaler is maintenance treatment for eligible adults with uncontrolled asthma.
Bedaquiline is a diarylquinoline antibiotic used against tuberculosis bacteria. In the UK, it is licensed as part of an appropriate combination regimen for pulmonary tuberculosis resistant to at least rifampicin and isoniazid.
Bee venom is an allergen extract used for specialist immunotherapy in people with confirmed honey-bee venom allergy. Supervised injections aim to make the immune system less reactive and reduce the risk of a serious reaction to a future sting, although protection is not guaranteed.
Belantamab mafodotin is an antibody–cytotoxic conjugate targeting multiple myeloma cells carrying BCMA. In the UK, it is licensed for adults with previously treated multiple myeloma alongside specified anticancer medicines.
Belatacept is a biological immunosuppressant used with other anti-rejection treatments in adults who have received a kidney transplant. It reduces T-cell activation, helping prevent the immune system from attacking the transplanted kidney.
Belimumab is a biologic monoclonal antibody used alongside other treatments for lupus. It is licensed for selected people with active systemic lupus erythematosus and for adults with active lupus nephritis.
Belumosudil mesilate is a selective immunosuppressant that blocks ROCK2, a protein involved in immune signalling and fibrosis. Specialists use it for chronic graft-versus-host disease when previous systemic treatments have not provided adequate control.
Belzutifan blocks HIF-2 alpha, a protein involved in oxygen sensing and tumour growth. It is licensed for certain von Hippel-Lindau-associated tumours, previously treated advanced renal cell carcinoma, and advanced pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma.
Bempedoic acid is a non-statin treatment that lowers LDL cholesterol. It is used in adults when statins are insufficient, not tolerated or contraindicated, and in some adults with established or high cardiovascular risk.
A fixed-combination prescription tablet that lowers LDL cholesterol through complementary actions in the liver and intestine. It is used alongside diet when previous treatment has not provided adequate control, when statins cannot be used, or in certain adults with cardiovascular risk.
Bendamustine is cytotoxic chemotherapy that damages cancer-cell DNA. Selected UK products are licensed for specified patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma or multiple myeloma.
Benperidol is a potent first-generation antipsychotic of the butyrophenone group. The selected UK product is licensed specifically to control deviant anti-social sexual behaviour.
Benralizumab is a targeted biologic antibody that reduces eosinophils, white blood cells involved in some inflammatory diseases. It is used as an add-on treatment for selected people with severe eosinophilic asthma, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis or hypereosinophilic syndrome. It is not an emergency treatment for acute symptoms.
Benserazide hydrochloride with levodopa, also called co-beneldopa, treats symptoms of Parkinson’s disease and licensed forms of parkinsonism. Levodopa replaces depleted brain dopamine; benserazide limits its conversion outside the brain.
Benzalkonium chloride is a surface-active antiseptic used in the selected medicated shampoo. It loosens and washes away scalp scales while reducing microorganisms that may worsen dandruff-related conditions.
A topical emollient with two antiseptics. It moisturises and protects dry, itchy skin while reducing bacteria that can aggravate eczema or dermatitis. Selected formulations can replace soap.
This prescription skin cream combines an antifungal, mild corticosteroid, protective barrier and antiseptic. It treats inflamed skin conditions where Candida contributes, particularly intertrigo and severe nappy rash.
A combined emollient and antiseptic used in bath water or directly on the skin. It rehydrates dry, itchy skin and can help with secondary bacterial infection associated with conditions such as eczema.
A bath emollient combining light liquid paraffin with the antiseptics benzalkonium chloride and triclosan. It moisturises and cleanses eczema-prone skin where infection is a concern.
This skin cream combines tolnaftate, an antifungal, with benzalkonium chloride, an antimicrobial. It is licensed to treat and help prevent athlete’s foot and to treat tinea cruris (jock itch).
A sugar-free antiseptic pastille that acts locally in the mouth to ease discomfort from mouth ulcers and sore gums.
Benzocaine is an ester-type local anaesthetic applied inside the mouth. Selected gels temporarily numb mouth-ulcer, denture or specified toothache pain.
Benzoin sumatra with storax is an ethanol-based tincture used as an aromatic inhalant for cold symptoms and as a mild antiseptic skin dressing. It relieves symptoms rather than treating the cause of a cold. The selected Friars’ Balsam product is marked as discontinued on eMC.
Benzoyl peroxide is a topical acne treatment. It reduces acne-associated bacteria and helps clear dead skin from blocked pores.
A prescription skin gel combining an antibiotic with an antibacterial, mildly keratolytic ingredient. It treats mild to moderate acne, particularly inflamed spots, in adults and adolescents aged 12 years and over.
Benzydamine hydrochloride is a locally acting non-steroidal anti-inflammatory treatment used inside the mouth and throat. It reduces inflammatory pain and can cause temporary local numbness.
A water-in-oil cream containing zinc oxide, lanolin and benzyl compounds. It protects and soothes irritated skin and has mild antiseptic and local anaesthetic properties.
Benzylpenicillin benzathine is a long-acting penicillin antibiotic given by deep injection into a muscle. It is mainly used for syphilis and certain other treponemal or streptococcal infections.
Benzylpenicillin sodium is a short-acting injectable penicillin antibiotic that kills susceptible bacteria. It is mainly used in clinical settings for serious, time-critical or specialist infections.
Beractant is an animal-derived lung surfactant given directly into a newborn baby's windpipe. In the UK, specialist neonatal teams use it to treat respiratory distress syndrome in certain premature babies and help prevent it in eligible babies at risk.
Berotralstat dihydrochloride is an oral plasma kallikrein inhibitor used to help prevent recurrent hereditary angioedema (HAE) attacks in adults and adolescents aged 12 years and over. It does not treat an attack that has already started.
Betahistine dihydrochloride is a prescription histamine analogue used to treat symptoms associated with Ménière’s syndrome. It may reduce vertigo attacks and associated tinnitus, hearing loss and nausea, although improvement can take time.
Betaine anhydrous is a methyl donor used alongside specialist dietary management, appropriate vitamin therapy and other treatments for inherited homocystinuria. It helps lower blood homocysteine.
A topical combination for adults with stable plaque psoriasis. Calcipotriol helps normalise excessive skin-cell growth, while betamethasone reduces inflammation and itching.
Betamethasone dipropionate is a potent topical corticosteroid that reduces inflammation, itching and redness. Cream and ointment products treat responsive inflammatory skin disorders; lotion is for affected areas of the scalp.
A prescription skin treatment combining a vitamin D analogue with a strong topical corticosteroid. It treats mild to moderate plaque psoriasis in adults, including scalp psoriasis.
This prescription skin treatment combines calcipotriol, a vitamin D analogue, with the potent corticosteroid betamethasone dipropionate. It reduces excessive skin-cell production and inflammation in adult psoriasis.
This prescription skin cream combines an antifungal with a topical corticosteroid that reduces inflammation and itching. It is licensed for certain inflamed fungal skin infections.
This topical treatment combines a potent corticosteroid to reduce inflammation and itching with salicylic acid to loosen thick surface scale. It is used for selected dry, thickened, scaly skin disorders that respond to corticosteroids.
Betamethasone sodium phosphate is a corticosteroid that reduces inflammation and immune activity. It is available as soluble tablets, an injection, and eye, ear or nasal drops.
This prescription-only preparation combines a corticosteroid that reduces inflammation with an aminoglycoside antibiotic. It is used in the eye, outer ear or nose when inflammation also requires antibacterial cover.
Filsuvez is a herbal wound-treatment gel containing refined dry birch-bark extract. In the UK, it is licensed for partial-thickness wounds associated with dystrophic or junctional epidermolysis bullosa in adults and children aged 6 months and older.
Bevacizumab gamma (Lytenava) is a biological anti-VEGF medicine injected into the eye. In the UK, it is licensed for adults with neovascular (wet) age-related macular degeneration, where it helps control abnormal, leaking blood vessels beneath the retina.
Bisoprolol fumarate is a selective beta blocker that slows the heart and reduces its workload. Selected UK products are licensed for high blood pressure, chronic stable angina and stable chronic heart failure with reduced pumping function.
Bosutinib is a targeted cancer medicine called a tyrosine kinase inhibitor. It is used for Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myeloid leukaemia (Ph+ CML), either after diagnosis or when certain previous treatments have not worked or are unsuitable.
Brensocatib is an oral DPP1 inhibitor that reduces inflammatory neutrophil-protease activity. In the UK, it is licensed for people aged 12 years and over with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis who had at least two exacerbations in the previous 12 months.
Buprenorphine is a strong opioid. Selected UK skin patches are licensed for certain severe or cancer-related pain, while Buvidal prolonged-release injection is licensed as part of specialist treatment for opioid dependence.