NICE guidance, distilled.
Concise GP-focused summaries of the latest NICE guidance — designed for rapid scanning and low cognitive load.
abnormal liver blood tests (lfts): structured primary care approach
Pattern-based approach to abnormal LFTs: repeat vs investigate, core liver screen, fibrosis risk, and referral thresholds.
acne vulgaris
Detailed summary of NICE NG198: Topicals first, Lymecycline duration limits, and Isotretinoin criteria.
acute coronary syndromes: suspected acs triage + post-discharge gp checklist
A NICE NG185-aligned summary for primary care: recognising suspected ACS, emergency actions, and high-yield follow-up after STEMI/NSTEMI including medicines reconciliation and secondary prevention.
acute cough (antimicrobial prescribing)
NICE NG120 acute cough guidance: when not to use antibiotics, who is higher risk, self-care advice, back-up prescriptions, and antibiotic choices/doses when indicated.
acute diarrhoea in adults: assessment, dehydration, stool tests, and antibiotics (when needed)
GP guide to acute diarrhoea: red flags, rehydration, when to send stool samples, and when antibiotics are (and aren’t) indicated.
acute kidney injury (aki)
NICE-based prevention, recognition, staging, and first-line management of AKI, including medication holds, investigation, and referral thresholds.
acute pancreatitis: recognition in the community + immediate referral
Recognise pancreatitis early, identify red flags, avoid delays, and understand common causes (gallstones, alcohol, triglycerides).
adhd
Detailed summary of NICE NG87: Shared Care protocols, Methylphenidate/Lisdexamfetamine titration, and monitoring.
alcohol-use disorders: screening, withdrawal pathways, and relapse prevention
A NICE CG115-aligned primary care guide to AUDIT screening, assessing dependence, referral for assisted withdrawal, thiamine prophylaxis, and relapse-prevention medicines (acamprosate, naltrexone, disulfiram).
allergic rhinitis (hay fever): stepwise management
NICE CKS stepwise allergic rhinitis: intranasal steroid technique, antihistamine choices, combination sprays, add-ons for conjunctivitis, and referral triggers.
alopecia areata: diagnosis, counselling, and primary care actions
NICE CKS overview for patchy non-scarring hair loss: confirming the diagnosis, screening for associated autoimmune disease where relevant, counselling, and referral thresholds.
anaemia: vitamin b12 and folate deficiency
Primary care summary for B12/folate deficiency anaemia: recognition, investigation, IM hydroxocobalamin regimens, folic acid rules, neurological red flags, and referral.
anal fissure
Practical primary care summary for anal fissure: red flags, stool-softening, topical GTN/diltiazem options, analgesia, and referral thresholds.
anaphylaxis: assessment + referral after emergency treatment
A NICE CG134-aligned guide to post-reaction observation, mast cell tryptase sampling, prescribing adrenaline auto-injectors, and referral to specialist allergy services.
anxiety & panic disorder
Detailed summary of NICE CG113: GAD-7 thresholds, SSRI/Pregabalin hierarchy, and propranolol usage.
asthma
Detailed summary of NICE NG245 (2024/25): AIR therapy, MART regimes, and objective diagnosis.
atrial fibrillation
Detailed summary of NICE NG196: CHA2DS2-VASc scoring, ORBIT bleeding risk, and DOAC hierarchy.
autism spectrum disorder in adults: recognition and management
NICE CG142: recognition in primary care, referral for diagnostic assessment, reasonable adjustments, and management of coexisting mental disorders.
bacterial vaginosis (bv)
Primary care summary for BV: diagnosis, STI considerations, metronidazole regimens (including pregnancy), counselling, recurrence, and safety-netting.
baricitinib for severe alopecia areata (nice ta926)
Technology appraisal summary for clinicians: where baricitinib fits for severe alopecia areata, typical eligibility concepts, and practical referral documentation.
bell's palsy (acute facial nerve palsy)
Primary care summary for Bell's palsy: assessment to exclude stroke/secondary causes, early prednisolone within 72 hours, eye protection, and referral follow-up.
benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (bppv)
Primary care summary for BPPV: typical history, Dix–Hallpike testing, Epley manoeuvre, falls advice, red flags for central causes, and referral criteria.
bipolar disorder: recognition, urgent risk, and shared-care monitoring
A NICE CG185-aligned guide for primary care: recognising bipolar presentations, urgent risk triage, treatment pathways, lithium monitoring and physical health checks, and safeguarding around valproate.
breast lump and nipple symptoms (recognition + 2ww referral)
GP-first assessment of breast lumps, nipple symptoms and skin changes, with NICE NG12 suspected-cancer referral triggers and practical safety-netting.
bronchiolitis in children
Detailed summary of NICE NG9: diagnosis, oxygen thresholds, admission criteria, and what not to prescribe.
cellulitis and erysipelas (adults)
NICE antibiotic choices with doses (flucloxacillin first-line), duration 5–7 days, and escalation criteria.
chest pain of recent onset (assessment + referral)
High-yield triage for chest pain: who needs emergency care, who needs rapid access chest pain clinic, and the NICE CG95 investigation pathway.
chlamydia (uncomplicated genital infection)
Primary care summary for uncomplicated genital chlamydia: NAAT testing, doxycycline first-line, partner notification, follow-up, and when to suspect PID/epididymo-orchitis.
chronic cough in adults (≥8 weeks): structured assessment + referral
Practical chronic cough pathway: red flags, targeted history/exam, baseline tests (CXR/spirometry), and common treatable causes.
chronic heart failure
Detailed summary of NICE NG106: The "4 Pillars" of HFrEF treatment, NT-proBNP thresholds, and titration.
chronic kidney disease
Detailed summary of NICE NG203: eGFR/ACR staging, SGLT2i criteria, and referral thresholds.
chronic pain (primary + secondary) — assessment + management principles
Whole-person assessment, non-pharmacological first-line, and medication “do not initiate” rules for chronic primary pain aligned to NICE NG193.
coeliac disease (testing + referral)
NICE NG20: who to test, how to test correctly (must be eating gluten), and what to do with IgA deficiency or borderline results.
combined hormonal contraception (chc): coc, patch, ring
CHC prescribing in primary care: eligibility checks, starting rules, missed-pill algorithm, VTE risk counselling, and “when to use EC”.
community-acquired pneumonia (cap)
Adult assessment (CRB65), safety-netting, and NICE antibiotic choices with doses (typically 5 days).
constipation (adults)
NICE CKS: red flags, stepwise laxative ladder (osmotic → stimulant), faecal impaction dosing strategy, and opioid-induced constipation tips.
copd
Detailed summary of NICE NG115: LABA/LAMA vs ICS tracks, inhaler choices, and rescue packs.
dapagliflozin for chronic kidney disease (nice ta1075)
Technology appraisal summary for dapagliflozin in CKD: NICE eligibility (eGFR and albuminuria/T2D criteria), add-on to ACEi/ARB standard care, and practical monitoring/counselling points.
daridorexant for long-term insomnia (ta922)
Summary of NICE TA922 recommendations for daridorexant (QUVIVIQ): who it is for, positioning after CBT-I, and practical prescribing considerations.
delirium: prevention, screening, and first 60-minute management
A NICE CG103-aligned quick reference for identifying at-risk adults, using validated screening tools (for example 4AT/CAM), preventing delirium, and immediate management including investigation of reversible causes.
dementia — recognition, assessment, and early management
High-yield primary care assessment, reversible causes, when to refer, and practical support planning aligned to NICE NG97.
depression
Detailed summary of NICE NG222: Severity stratification, SSRI titration (Sertraline/Citalopram), and washout periods.
diabetes in pregnancy
NICE NG3: gestational diabetes diagnosis thresholds, glucose targets, metformin/insulin escalation, and postnatal testing/long-term risk.
diabetic foot problems (prevention + urgent assessment)
NICE NG19: annual risk stratification, what “urgent” means in primary care, and practical safety-netting for infection/ischaemia/Charcot.
diarrhoea and vomiting in under 5s (gastroenteritis)
Detailed summary of NICE CG84: dehydration assessment, oral rehydration plans, and escalation criteria.
diverticular disease and acute diverticulitis
Primary care summary for diverticular disease and acute diverticulitis: uncomplicated vs complicated disease, antibiotic indications, typical regimens, safety-netting, and admission/referral thresholds.
dyspepsia and gord (adult primary care)
Empirical full-dose PPI (4 weeks), H. pylori test-and-treat, 2-week PPI washout before testing, and urgent endoscopy triggers.
eating disorders (recognition and treatment)
Detailed summary of NICE NG69: early recognition, physical risk assessment, monitoring, and referral pathways.
ectopic pregnancy and miscarriage
Detailed summary of NICE NG126: early pregnancy bleeding/pain assessment, urgent referral features, and safety-netting.
eczema (atopic)
Detailed summary of NICE NG98/CG57: Emollient quantities, steroid potency ladder, and infected eczema rules.
emergency contraception (ec)
Primary care summary for emergency contraception: Cu-IUD timing, ulipristal vs levonorgestrel, quick-start rules, interactions (enzyme inducers), and follow-up/pregnancy testing.
empagliflozin for chronic kidney disease (nice ta942)
Technology appraisal summary for empagliflozin in CKD: NICE eligibility (eGFR and albuminuria/T2D criteria), add-on to ACEi/ARB, and practical monitoring/counselling points.
endometriosis — recognition, first-line management, referral
High-yield symptom recognition, empirical management, imaging/referral triggers, and fertility considerations aligned to NICE NG73 (updated 2024).
epilepsies — first seizure, safety, referral, and core principles
First seizure approach, referral priorities, medication safety highlights (including MHRA pregnancy precautions), and patient-facing safety counselling aligned to NICE NG217.
erectile dysfunction
NICE/BSSM principles: Assessing CV risk, Tadalafil vs Sildenafil, and Testosterone screening.
familial hypercholesterolaemia (fh)
NICE CG71: case-finding for very high LDL/TC, referral for specialist confirmation/genetics, and cascade testing of relatives.
fever in under 5s (traffic light approach)
NICE NG143 practical assessment of feverish illness in children under 5: traffic light risk stratification, red/amber features, and safety-netting for parents/carers.
finerenone for ckd in type 2 diabetes (nice ta877)
TA877: eligibility criteria (stage 3–4 CKD with albuminuria, eGFR threshold), add-on to optimised ACEi/ARB + SGLT2 inhibitor standard care, and practical monitoring points.
gallstones & biliary colic: gp assessment, analgesia, and referral
Recognising biliary colic vs cholecystitis/cholangitis/pancreatitis, appropriate primary care tests, and when to refer for surgery.
genital herpes (hsv): first episode, recurrence, suppression
NICE CKS-aligned genital HSV summary: diagnosis/testing, antivirals with practical doses, recurrence strategies, suppression, and pregnancy red flags.
giant cell arteritis (temporal arteritis)
NICE CKS: immediate high-dose steroids (do not wait), visual symptom escalation, and urgent referral for confirmation/monitoring.
gout: acute flare + urate-lowering therapy (ult)
Acute flare options with doses (colchicine/NSAID/steroid), plus treat-to-target ULT and titration approach.
haemorrhoids (piles)
Guideline-first primary care summary for haemorrhoids: assessment, red flags, conservative care, symptom relief options, thrombosis, and referral for procedures.
headache (primary headaches in over 12s)
Detailed summary of NICE CG150: Migraine prophylaxis, Triptan rules, and Medication Overuse Headache.
hearing loss in adults
Detailed summary of NICE NG98: red flags, earwax removal, referral pathways, and practical primary-care steps.
heart valve disease presenting in adults
NICE NG208 practical guide: which murmurs need echocardiography, when to refer urgently (e.g., exertional syncope), and specialist referral after echo results.
heavy menstrual bleeding (hmb) — assessment + first-line treatment
PALM-style thinking, core investigations, first-line LNG-IUS, non-hormonal options, and referral triggers aligned to NICE NG88.
hepatitis b in primary care: who to test, how to interpret, when to refer
Practical hepatitis B testing: serology interpretation, vaccination, pregnancy considerations, and referral thresholds (NICE + CKS).
hepatitis c in primary care: screening, interpretation, and referral
Who to test for HCV, how to interpret antibody vs RNA, and what to do after a positive result (including co-infection screens).
hiv pep (pepse): immediate actions, regimen, and follow-up
Post-exposure prophylaxis after sexual exposure (PEPSE): urgent timing, baseline tests, standard regimens, and follow-up checks (UK guidance).
hiv prep: eligibility, dosing options, baseline tests, and monitoring
PrEP in the UK: who benefits, daily vs event-based dosing, baseline assessment, and 3-monthly monitoring essentials.
hiv testing in primary care (who, when, and how to interpret results)
GP-focused HIV testing: indication-led testing, window periods, consent and counselling essentials, and signposting to sexual health services.
hypertension
Detailed summary of NICE NG136: diagnosis thresholds, A/C/D algorithm, and step 4 escalation.
hypertension in pregnancy (gestational htn & pre-eclampsia)
NICE-based diagnosis and management of hypertension in pregnancy: thresholds, targets, aspirin prophylaxis, medication choices, proteinuria testing, and escalation.
impetigo (antimicrobial prescribing)
NICE NG153: hydrogen peroxide first-line for localised non-bullous disease, topical/oral antibiotic choices with adult doses, and when to refer.
inclisiran for hypercholesterolaemia (nice ta733)
TA733: secondary prevention eligibility (prior CV events), LDL-C threshold ≥2.6 mmol/L despite max tolerated therapy, and how it fits alongside statins/ezetimibe/PCSK9 pathways.
infective conjunctivitis (adults + children)
NICE CKS: usually self-limiting; when to prescribe topical antibiotics, contact lens “don’t miss” keratitis red flags, and return-to-school/work advice.
insomnia
Clinician-focused summary of NICE CKS insomnia and related NICE guidance: assessment, CBT-I first line, and safe short-term prescribing.
iron deficiency anaemia (adults)
NICE CKS: diagnosis with ferritin/CRP context, investigation priorities (GI + gyn), and practical oral iron prescribing that patients tolerate.
irritable bowel syndrome (ibs) in adults
NICE-based IBS diagnosis (positive criteria), minimal tests to exclude red flags, stepwise diet/lifestyle strategy, and symptom-targeted pharmacology including low-dose TCA guidance.
leg ulcer infection (antimicrobial prescribing)
NICE NG152: when to use antibiotics (only if infected), first-line adult regimens with doses, and escalation pathways.
lipid modification: primary + secondary prevention (statins)
QRISK3 thresholds, atorvastatin 20 mg primary prevention, atorvastatin 80 mg secondary prevention, and lipid targets.
long covid
NICE NG188: identification at 4+ weeks, structured assessment, pragmatic tests, safety-netting, and referral/rehab pathways.
long-acting reversible contraception (larc): iud/ius, implant, injection
NICE CG30 + CKS practical summary: choosing a LARC method, key counselling points, timing postpartum, and common adverse effect patterns.
low back pain & sciatica
Detailed summary of NICE NG59: STarT Back stratification, neuropathic pain ladder, and red flags.
lower urinary tract symptoms (luts/bph)
NICE CG97: IPSS scoring, medical management (Alpha-blockers/5-ARIs), and referral triggers for surgery.
lower uti in women (non-pregnant and pregnant)
NICE first/second-choice antibiotics with doses, plus when to culture, review, and escalate.
lyme disease
NICE NG95: Recognizing Erythema Migrans, serology timing, and Doxycycline regimens.
me/cfs (myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome)
Detailed summary of NICE NG206: recognising ME/CFS, excluding alternative diagnoses, and management principles (including post-exertional malaise).
menopause
Detailed summary of NICE NG23: HRT regimens (Oestrogen only vs Combined), Utrogestan dosing, and vaginal oestrogen.
migraine (acute treatment + prevention): stepwise gp pathway incl. newer nice tas
Clinically practical migraine management: acute medicines, medication-overuse prevention, and escalation to CGRP monoclonals/gepants/Botox using NICE technology appraisals.
nafld — assessment, fibrosis risk, and referral thresholds
How to identify higher-risk NAFLD, when to use ultrasound, the ELF fibrosis threshold (10.51), and re-testing intervals aligned to NICE NG49.
neuropathic pain in adults
Detailed summary of NICE CG173 (updated Sept 2020): first-line choices, titration doses, switching, and referral thresholds in non-specialist settings.
nirmatrelvir + ritonavir (paxlovid) for covid-19 (nice ta878)
Technology appraisal summary for Paxlovid in COVID-19: NICE positioning for high-risk non-hospitalised COVID, interaction-first safety checklist, and practical counselling/safety-netting.
obstructive sleep apnoea (osahs) + obesity hypoventilation
How to spot OSAHS in primary care, what to do first, referral criteria, and practical safety advice (including driving risk) based on NICE NG202.
osteoarthritis
Detailed summary of NICE NG226: Core treatments (exercise/weight), topical NSAIDs first, and injection logic.
osteoporosis (fragility fracture risk assessment + pragmatic treatment pathways)
NICE-based fracture risk assessment using FRAX/QFracture and DXA, with practical UK-style treatment options (bisphosphonates and referral decisions) clinicians can action.
otitis externa
NICE CKS-based primary care approach: analgesia, aural toilet, topical antibiotic/steroid drops (including non-ototoxic options), and malignant otitis externa red flags.
otitis media (acute)
Detailed summary of NICE NG91: Watchful waiting criteria, antibiotic indications (Amoxicillin), and perforation care.
overweight and obesity management (primary care pathway)
BMI/waist risk framing, tiered weight management interventions, referral criteria, and practical follow-up—aligned to NICE NG246 (updated Jan 2026).
palpitations & suspected svt: primary care assessment and escalation
Structured approach to palpitations: red flags, ECG strategy, ambulatory monitoring choices, and acute SVT actions.
parkinson's disease: diagnosis, first-line treatment, and medication safety
A NICE NG71-aligned practical summary for primary care: recognising Parkinsonism, referral, first-line treatment choices (levodopa vs dopamine agonists/MAO-B inhibitors), non-motor symptoms, and medicines safety.
pelvic inflammatory disease (pid)
Primary care summary for PID: clinical diagnosis, immediate antibiotics (ceftriaxone+doxycycline+metronidazole), STI testing, pregnancy exclusion, admission criteria, and follow-up.
peripheral arterial disease (pad)
NICE CG147: ABPI thresholds, intermittent claudication pathway, secondary prevention (antiplatelet/statin), and urgent limb ischaemia triggers.
polycystic ovary syndrome (pcos)
NICE CKS GP-focused PCOS summary: diagnostic approach, metabolic screening, cycle control, acne/hirsutism strategies, and fertility referral triggers.
polymyalgia rheumatica (pmr)
NICE CKS: diagnostic pattern (age >50, shoulder/hip girdle pain), baseline tests to exclude mimics, and a pragmatic prednisolone taper with monitoring.
progestogen-only pill (pop): traditional, desogestrel, drospirenone
POP prescribing in primary care: correct-use windows (3h vs 12h vs 24h), missed pill actions, common bleeding patterns, and key interactions.
prostate cancer referral
NICE NG131: Age-specific PSA thresholds and DRE findings for 2WW referral.
psoriasis (assessment & management)
NICE-based psoriasis assessment, topical treatment strategy, recognition of severe phenotypes, and referral thresholds including psoriatic arthritis screening.
psychosis & schizophrenia: early recognition + physical health monitoring
A NICE CG178-aligned primary care guide to early recognition of psychosis, urgent referral, care coordination, psychological interventions, and cardiometabolic monitoring for people on antipsychotics.
raynaud's phenomenon: primary care assessment and treatment
NICE CKS Raynaud's: distinguishing primary vs secondary, non-pharmacological measures, nifedipine dosing ranges, and urgent referral features.
renal and ureteric stones
Detailed summary of NICE NG118: assessment of renal colic, analgesia-first approach, referral triggers, and prevention advice.
rheumatoid arthritis (ra) in adults
NICE-based recognition and management of rheumatoid arthritis: early referral, baseline assessment, treat-to-target principles, and practical monitoring considerations.
ritlecitinib for severe alopecia areata (nice ta958)
Technology appraisal summary: ritlecitinib (Litfulo) for severe alopecia areata (≥12 years), practical eligibility concepts, and GP referral documentation.
rosacea: primary care diagnosis and stepwise treatment
NICE CKS-aligned rosacea: trigger avoidance, topical ivermectin/metronidazole/azelaic acid, oral tetracyclines, ocular red flags, and referral criteria.
scabies
NICE CKS: permethrin application technique (the part that fails), contact treatment, repeat dosing, itch after cure, and crusted scabies escalation.
self-harm (assessment, management and preventing recurrence)
Detailed summary of NICE NG225: compassionate assessment, psychosocial support, aftercare, and safer prescribing.
semaglutide (wegovy) for weight management: nice ta875 eligibility + stopping rules
A practical TA875 summary: who qualifies for semaglutide in specialist weight management services, ethnicity-adjusted BMI thresholds, duration limits, and stopping rules, with pragmatic titration notes.
shingles (herpes zoster)
NICE CKS: who benefits from antivirals, aciclovir/valaciclovir regimens, ophthalmic red flags, and post-herpetic neuralgia prevention/management.
sinusitis (acute)
Detailed summary of NICE NG79: High-dose nasal steroids vs antibiotics, symptom duration >10 days.
sore throat (acute)
Detailed summary of NICE NG84: FeverPAIN/Centor scores, antibiotic thresholds, and Phenoxymethylpenicillin dosing.
stable angina: antianginals, secondary prevention, and follow-up
A NICE CG126-aligned primary care guide to symptom control (beta blockers/CCBs, nitrates, second-line options), secondary prevention, and when to refer for revascularisation.
stroke and tia (initial assessment + urgent actions)
FAST recognition, immediate actions for suspected TIA, referral urgency, and secondary prevention essentials based on NICE NG128.
suspected cancer
Detailed summary of NICE NG12: 2WW thresholds, FIT testing, and safety netting.
suspected ibd (crohn’s / ulcerative colitis): primary care work-up + referral
Differentiating IBD vs IBS in primary care: calprotectin use, red flags, initial bloods/stool tests, and when to refer urgently.
suspected sepsis
Detailed summary of NICE NG253: NEWS2 thresholds, Red Flag criteria, and immediate transfer logic.
thyroid disease (assessment, hypothyroidism & subclinical disease)
NICE-based approach to thyroid testing and management: how to interpret abnormal TFTs, when to treat overt or subclinical hypothyroidism, starting doses, and monitoring.
tinea (corporis/cruris/pedis) and dermatophyte skin infections
NICE CKS: topical terbinafine vs azole choices, duration that actually works, when to suspect tinea incognito, and escalation for extensive disease.
tinnitus
Detailed summary of NICE NG155: assessment, urgent referral triggers, investigations, and management options.
tirzepatide (mounjaro) for weight management: nice ta1026 eligibility + stopping rules
A practical TA1026 summary: who qualifies for tirzepatide within specialist weight management services, ethnicity-adjusted BMI thresholds, duration limits, and stopping rules, with pragmatic titration notes.
tobacco dependence (stop smoking): assessment + prescribing
A practical NICE NG209-aligned guide to brief advice, behavioural support, and pharmacotherapy (NRT, varenicline, bupropion, cytisinicline) for stopping smoking or vaping.
transient loss of consciousness (syncope/blackouts)
NICE CG109: rapid triage, red flags, ECG interpretation triggers, and when to refer urgently vs manage in primary care.
type 1 diabetes (adults)
NICE NG17: diagnosis + DKA safety, basal–bolus principles, targets, hypoglycaemia rules, ketone advice, and annual screening checklist.
type 2 diabetes
Detailed summary of NICE NG28 (2026 update context): SGLT2i expansion, QRISK thresholds, and HbA1c targets.
urinary incontinence & pelvic organ prolapse (women)
NICE NG123: bladder diary + exam basics, pelvic floor/bladder training, overactive bladder medicines, and referral/red-flag criteria.
urinary tract infection (lower)
Detailed summary of NICE NG109: Antibiotic choices (Nitrofurantoin/Trimethoprim), course lengths by sex, and red flags.
urticaria and angioedema (non-anaphylaxis)
NICE CKS: non-sedating antihistamine ladder (including up-dosing), short steroid rescue, and when angioedema needs urgent escalation.
varicose veins: who to refer, what not to do, and treatment ladder
A NICE CG168-aligned primary care guide to referral criteria for vascular services, duplex assessment, interventional treatment sequence (endothermal ablation → foam sclerotherapy → surgery), and the limited role of compression.
venous thromboembolism (dvt/pe)
Detailed summary of NICE NG158: Wells Score logic, DOAC dosing (Apixaban/Rivaroxaban), and cancer VTE.
visible & non-visible haematuria (assessment + referral)
Practical GP guide: initial tests, safety-netting, and NICE suspected-cancer referral thresholds for visible and non-visible haematuria.
vulvovaginal candidiasis (thrush)
Primary care summary for thrush: diagnosis, fluconazole/clotrimazole options, pregnancy-safe regimens, recurrent disease approach, and safety-netting.