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This combination contains two antibiotics that kill tuberculosis bacteria in different ways. The selected UK product is licensed for all forms of tuberculosis and is used under specialist supervision.
A wash-off emollient gel that replaces ordinary soap or cleanser for dry, chapped, itchy or inflamed skin. Its oily ingredients soften skin and reduce moisture loss while washing.
Isosorbide dinitrate widens blood vessels and reduces the heart’s workload. Tablets are mainly used to prevent angina and may be used for heart failure; injectable forms are used in hospital for selected acute cardiac conditions.
Isosorbide mononitrate is a long-acting nitrate that widens blood vessels and reduces the heart’s workload. Selected UK products are licensed to prevent angina; it is not fast enough to treat a sudden attack.
Isotretinoin is an oral retinoid used under specialist supervision for severe acne that has not responded adequately to antibacterial and topical treatments, particularly when permanent scarring is a risk.
Ispaghula husk is a plant-derived, bulk-forming laxative. It absorbs water in the bowel, increasing and softening stool bulk to support easier passage and regularity.
This combination contains ispaghula husk, a bulk-forming fibre, and mebeverine, an antispasmodic. It is licensed for symptomatic relief of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), particularly altered bowel habit with cramps or spasms.
Itraconazole treats or prevents selected fungal and yeast infections. The oral solution is mainly licensed for candidosis or prevention in certain immunocompromised patients; the intravenous formulation treats specified serious systemic infections.
Ivabradine lowers heart rate by acting on the heart’s natural pacemaker. In selected adults, it is used for stable angina symptoms or alongside standard treatment for chronic heart failure.
Ivabradine hydrochloride selectively slows the heart’s natural pacemaker without directly reducing heart muscle contraction. Selected UK products are licensed for symptom control in chronic stable angina and for certain adults with stable chronic systolic heart failure who remain in sinus rhythm.
Ivacaftor is a CFTR modulator used for cystic fibrosis caused by specific CFTR gene mutations. It may be used alone or as part of an approved combination treatment.
A CFTR modulator combination for cystic fibrosis caused by two copies of the F508del CFTR mutation. It helps more CFTR protein reach the cell surface and work effectively.
Ivacaftor + tezacaftor is a CFTR modulator treatment for cystic fibrosis caused by specific CFTR gene mutations. The combination tablet is used with a separate ivacaftor tablet under specialist care.
Ivermectin is an antiparasitic treatment available as oral tablets and facial cream. UK-licensed uses include selected worm infections, confirmed scabies and inflammatory rosacea lesions in adults.
Ivosidenib is an oral targeted anticancer treatment that inhibits mutated IDH1. It is licensed for selected adults with IDH1 R132-mutated acute myeloid leukaemia or cholangiocarcinoma. An appropriate test must confirm the mutation before treatment.
Ivy leaf dry extract is a herbal preparation made from Hedera helix leaves. The selected UK syrup is traditionally used to relieve chesty coughs associated with the common cold; this is based on long-standing use rather than demonstrated clinical effectiveness.
Ixazomib citrate is an oral proteasome inhibitor used to treat multiple myeloma. In the UK, it is licensed with lenalidomide and dexamethasone for adults who have received at least one previous therapy.
Ixekizumab blocks the inflammatory protein interleukin-17A. UK-licensed uses include certain forms of psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis and axial spondyloarthritis, usually under specialist supervision.
A topical preparation that soothes and protects the skin. It acts locally rather than throughout the body.
An oral suspension combining an adsorbent, antacid and a small amount of opioid. It is licensed to relieve diarrhoea and upset-stomach symptoms in adults and young people over 12.
Ketamine hydrochloride is a rapidly acting general anaesthetic that produces sedation, pain relief and amnesia. It is principally used in hospital for diagnostic or surgical procedures, alone or with other anaesthetics.
Ketoconazole cream and shampoo treat fungal skin or scalp conditions. Specialist-supervised tablets reduce cortisol production in endogenous Cushing’s syndrome.
Ketoprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) supplied as a prescription skin gel. It relieves pain and inflammation from soft-tissue injuries, backache and rheumatic pain.
Ketorolac trometamol is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Selected UK products are used in hospital for acute pain after surgery or as eye drops to prevent and reduce inflammation following eye surgery.
Phenylephrine keeps the pupil dilated, while ketorolac reduces inflammation and pain. An eye surgeon uses this combination during adult intraocular lens replacement surgery to prevent pupil constriction and reduce acute postoperative eye pain.
L-carnitine, also called levocarnitine, is involved in cellular energy metabolism. The selected product replaces deficient carnitine in newborns, infants and children under 12.
Labetalol hydrochloride lowers blood pressure by relaxing arteries and limiting reflex effects on the heart. Tablets are licensed for hypertension, including during pregnancy, and angina with hypertension. Intravenous labetalol is used in hospital for rapid blood-pressure control or controlled hypotension during anaesthesia.
Lacidipine is a dihydropyridine calcium-channel blocker used to treat high blood pressure. It relaxes small arteries, reducing resistance to blood flow, and may be used alone or alongside other blood-pressure treatments.
Lacosamide is an antiseizure treatment for epilepsy. It may be used alone for focal-onset seizures or alongside other treatments for focal-onset or primary generalised tonic-clonic seizures, within product-specific age limits.
A topical keratolytic treatment that softens and removes thickened outer skin. Selected UK products treat warts and verrucas; some also treat corns and calluses.
Lactulose is an osmotic laxative that reaches the large bowel largely unchanged. It is usually used for constipation; one selected oral solution is also licensed for hepatic encephalopathy, including hepatic coma.
Lamivudine is a nucleoside analogue antiviral that suppresses HIV and hepatitis B virus replication. Selected products are licensed for HIV as part of combination antiretroviral therapy and for specified adults with chronic hepatitis B.
Lamivudine + zidovudine combines two nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). It is licensed as part of combination antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection. It reduces viral replication but does not cure HIV.
Lamotrigine is an antiseizure treatment and mood stabiliser. Selected UK products are licensed for several forms of epilepsy and for preventing depressive episodes in adults with bipolar I disorder.
Lanadelumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody used to prevent recurrent hereditary angioedema attacks. It does not treat swelling that has already started.
Landiolol hydrochloride is a highly selective, very short-acting beta-1 blocker given into a vein. It provides short-term control of rapid heart rate in monitored adult hospital care, including around surgery.
A topical emollient cream that softens dry skin and helps retain moisture. It relieves dry, flaky or chapped skin and several dry skin conditions.
Lanreotide acetate is a long-acting somatostatin analogue given by deep injection under the skin. It treats acromegaly and certain neuroendocrine tumours or their hormone-related symptoms.
Lansoprazole is a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) that reduces stomach-acid production. It is used for acid reflux and ulcers, including ulcers associated with anti-inflammatory medicines, and with antibiotics for Helicobacter pylori infection.
Lanthanum carbonate hydrate is a non-calcium phosphate binder used in adults with chronic kidney disease when dietary measures alone do not adequately control phosphate.
An oral targeted anticancer treatment that blocks HER2 and EGFR signalling. It is used with another anticancer treatment for selected adults with HER2-overexpressing advanced or metastatic breast cancer.
Larotrectinib sulfate provides larotrectinib, a targeted anticancer treatment that blocks TRK proteins. It is used in adults and children with an NTRK fusion-positive solid tumour when disease is advanced, metastatic or difficult to remove safely and there are no satisfactory treatment options.
Latanoprost is a prostaglandin-analogue eye medicine that lowers pressure inside the eye. It helps protect vision in glaucoma or ocular hypertension.
This prescription eye-drop combination lowers raised pressure inside the eye in adults with primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension when either component alone has not worked sufficiently.
Prescription eye drops combining latanoprost, a prostaglandin analogue, and timolol, a beta blocker. They lower eye pressure in adults with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension when either type alone is insufficient.
Lauromacrogol-400, also called polidocanol, is an injectable sclerosant used by trained healthcare professionals to close unwanted varicose veins in the legs.
An emollient bath additive used for dry skin conditions, including eczema and dermatitis, when severe itching is present.
A topical anti-itch and moisturising cream for dry, itchy or scaling skin. Lauromacrogols reduce itching, while urea helps the outer skin retain water.
Lebrikizumab is a biologic monoclonal antibody for moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis when systemic treatment is appropriate. It targets interleukin-13, which contributes to skin inflammation, itching and barrier dysfunction.
Lecanemab is a monoclonal antibody that removes aggregated amyloid beta from the brain. It is licensed for selected adults with mild cognitive impairment or mild dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease and aims to slow, not reverse or cure, progression.
Ledipasvir + sofosbuvir combines two direct-acting antivirals that stop hepatitis C virus from making new copies. Specialists use it to treat chronic hepatitis C in adults and children aged 3 years and over.
Leflunomide is a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug that reduces overactive immune activity. It is used under specialist supervision for active rheumatoid arthritis in adults.
Lenacapavir is an antiretroviral capsid inhibitor used with other antiretrovirals for adults with multidrug-resistant HIV-1 when a suppressive regimen cannot otherwise be constructed. It is available as tablets and a specialist-administered injection.
Lenalidomide is an oral immunomodulatory anticancer treatment. It is licensed for specified multiple myeloma settings and, with rituximab, previously treated follicular lymphoma.
Lenograstim is a granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) that encourages bone marrow to make neutrophils. It shortens neutropenia around chemotherapy or transplantation and moves blood-forming stem cells into the bloodstream for collection.
An oral targeted anticancer treatment that blocks receptor tyrosine kinases involved in tumour growth and blood-vessel formation. It is licensed for selected advanced thyroid, liver, kidney and endometrial cancers in adults.
Letermovir is an antiviral used to help prevent cytomegalovirus (CMV) illness in certain people after a stem-cell or kidney transplant.
Letrozole is a non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor that lowers oestrogen production. It is mainly used after the menopause to treat hormone-dependent breast cancer or reduce the risk of it returning.
Leuprorelin acetate is a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist that temporarily suppresses sex-hormone production. UK products are used for hormone-sensitive cancers and selected gynaecological or paediatric endocrine conditions.