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A contraceptive patch containing an oestrogen and a progestogen. It releases both hormones through the skin and is licensed to prevent pregnancy in women of fertile age.
Ethinylestradiol + norethisterone combines an oestrogen with a progestogen. The selected Brevinor product is licensed to prevent pregnancy.
A combined oral contraceptive containing an oestrogen and a progestogen. It prevents pregnancy and requires assessment of blood-clot risk, migraine, smoking, blood pressure and other medicines.
Ethosuximide is a succinimide antiseizure treatment used mainly for absence seizures. Some products are also licensed for selected myoclonic seizure types.
This topical rubefacient cream produces local warmth and redness to relieve rheumatic or muscular pain and symptoms of sprains and strains. The selected product is listed as discontinued.
Etodolac is a prescription non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It reduces pain, inflammation, swelling and stiffness associated with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.
Etomidate is a short-acting intravenous general anaesthetic used to produce unconsciousness at the start of anaesthesia. It does not relieve pain.
Etonogestrel is a progestogen used in a small implant placed under the skin of the upper arm. It provides reversible contraception without oestrogen.
Etoposide is cytotoxic chemotherapy that damages DNA in dividing cells. It is usually combined with other anticancer treatments for several adult cancers.
Etoposide phosphate is an intravenous chemotherapy converted in the body to etoposide. It is usually used with other anticancer treatments for several solid tumours, lymphomas and acute myeloid leukaemia.
Etoricoxib is a prescription-only selective COX-2 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It reduces pain and inflammation in joint conditions and may also be used for acute gout or pain after dental surgery.
Etranacogene dezaparvovec is an AAV5-based gene therapy that delivers a working factor IX gene to liver cells. It is used for eligible adults with moderately severe or severe haemophilia B who have no history of factor IX inhibitors.
Etrasimod arginine is an immunosuppressant called a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator. Specialists use it for moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis when conventional treatment or a biological medicine has not worked, has stopped working or cannot be tolerated.
Etravirine is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used with other antiretrovirals to control HIV-1 in treatment-experienced adults and children aged 2 years and older.
Eucalyptus oil is used externally for symptom relief. The selected UK product is licensed for catarrhal cold symptoms and warming relief during massage of minor muscular sprains and cramps.
Eucalyptus oil + menthol is an aromatic inhalation for temporary relief of cough, cold and blocked-nose symptoms. It does not treat the infection causing a cold.
An aromatic ointment that releases eucalyptus, menthol and thyme vapours when warmed by the body. It provides temporary relief of upper-airway congestion, including a blocked nose.
Everolimus is an mTOR inhibitor that reduces immune-cell and abnormal cell growth signals. Selected products prevent rejection after certain adult organ transplants or treat particular brain manifestations and difficult-to-control seizures associated with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC).
Evinacumab is a monoclonal antibody that lowers LDL cholesterol by blocking ANGPTL3. It is used alongside diet and other LDL-lowering treatments for homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia in adults and children aged 6 months and older.
Evolocumab is a monoclonal antibody that lowers LDL cholesterol by blocking PCSK9. It is used alongside diet and other lipid-lowering treatment, or when statins are unsuitable, for selected people with high cholesterol or established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
A tissue-engineered treatment made from a person’s own limbal cells, collected from the corneal edge and expanded in a laboratory. It is surgically implanted to rebuild a stable corneal surface in adults with limbal stem-cell damage from physical or chemical eye burns.
Exametazime is used to prepare a radioactive tracer containing technetium-99m for diagnostic brain imaging in adults. It shows patterns of blood flow within the brain but does not treat the underlying condition.
Exemestane is a steroidal aromatase inhibitor. It lowers oestrogen and treats certain hormone-sensitive breast cancers in postmenopausal women.
Ezetimibe lowers cholesterol by reducing its absorption from the small intestine. It is used with a cholesterol-lowering diet, either alongside a statin or when a statin is unsuitable or not tolerated.
This fixed-dose tablet combines ezetimibe, which reduces intestinal cholesterol absorption, with simvastatin, which reduces cholesterol production in the liver. It is used with a cholesterol-lowering diet when combination treatment is appropriate and, in selected people after acute coronary syndrome, to reduce cardiovascular events.
A human plasma-derived prothrombin complex concentrate containing clotting factors II, VII, IX and X, plus proteins C and S. It temporarily replaces deficient vitamin K-dependent factors when rapid correction is needed.
Factor IX replaces the clotting protein missing or reduced in haemophilia B, helping the body form stable clots and temporarily reducing bleeding.
Factor VIII is a blood-clotting protein that is reduced or absent in haemophilia A. Replacement factor VIII helps prevent or control bleeding.
This treatment contains human factor VIII and von Willebrand factor, proteins that help form stable blood clots. It replaces deficient factors in von Willebrand disease and haemophilia A to prevent or control bleeding.
A human plasma-derived clotting-factor mixture that promotes clotting without relying on factor VIII. It is usually used to control or prevent bleeding when inhibitors make replacement clotting factors ineffective.
Factor XIII is a human plasma-derived clotting-factor replacement for inherited factor XIII deficiency, which can cause bleeding and impaired wound healing.
Famciclovir is a prescription antiviral converted in the body to penciclovir. In adults, it is used for shingles, including around the eye, and for treating or suppressing genital herpes.
Famotidine is a histamine H2-receptor antagonist that reduces stomach-acid production. In the UK, the selected tablets are licensed for certain stomach and duodenal ulcers, reflux oesophagitis and Zollinger–Ellison syndrome.
Fampridine is a potassium-channel blocker used to improve walking in some adults with multiple sclerosis and walking disability. It treats a symptom rather than changing the underlying disease.
Faricimab is a bispecific antibody injected into the eye by a trained healthcare professional. It treats certain retinal conditions in adults by reducing abnormal blood-vessel leakage, swelling and growth.
Febuxostat is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor that reduces uric acid production. It is used in adults with chronic high urate levels where crystal deposition has caused gouty arthritis or tophi.
Febuxostat hemihydrate is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor that lowers uric acid production. It is used in adults for chronic hyperuricaemia where urate deposits have formed. The selected product is also licensed for high uric acid associated with certain blood-cancer chemotherapy.
Febuxostat magnesium provides febuxostat, a selective xanthine oxidase inhibitor that lowers uric acid. It is used to manage gout where urate deposits have formed.
Fedratinib is an oral targeted anticancer treatment that inhibits JAK2 signalling. It reduces disease-related spleen enlargement or symptoms in adults with certain forms of myelofibrosis, including after ruxolitinib treatment.
Felodipine is a dihydropyridine calcium-channel blocker that relaxes arteries. Selected UK prolonged-release products are licensed for high blood pressure and chronic stable angina.
Fenfluramine hydrochloride is an antiseizure treatment affecting serotonin signalling and the sigma-1 receptor. In the UK, it is used with other antiseizure treatments for seizures associated with Dravet syndrome or Lennox–Gastaut syndrome in people aged 2 years and over.
Fenofibrate is a fibrate that lowers triglycerides and can improve other blood-fat levels. It is generally used with diet and lifestyle measures when triglycerides are severely raised, or for selected mixed lipid disorders when statins are unsuitable or insufficient.
Fentanyl is a strong opioid painkiller that changes how the brain and nervous system respond to pain. The selected skin patches provide continuous treatment for severe, persistent pain in people already established on opioid therapy.
Fentanyl citrate provides fentanyl, a potent opioid analgesic. Selected products include hospital injections for surgical analgesia or severe pain, and rapid-acting sublingual or nasal formulations for breakthrough cancer pain in adults already taking regular opioid therapy.
Ferric derisomaltose is an intravenous iron complex that replenishes iron needed to make haemoglobin and healthy red blood cells. Diafer is licensed for adults with chronic kidney disease on dialysis when oral iron is ineffective or cannot be used.
Ferric maltol is an oral iron preparation used to restore low iron stores. Iron is needed to make haemoglobin; deficiency can cause anaemia, tiredness and breathlessness.
Ferrous fumarate is an oral iron medicine used to prevent or treat iron deficiency anaemia. It supplies iron needed to make haemoglobin and healthy red blood cells.
This combination provides iron for haemoglobin and folic acid for normal blood-cell formation. The selected product is licensed during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy to prevent iron deficiency and megaloblastic anaemia; it does not treat established megaloblastic anaemia.
Ferrous sulfate is an oral iron medicine used to make healthy red blood cells. Selected UK tablets and drops treat iron-deficiency anaemia; Ironorm Drops are also licensed for prevention.
Fesoterodine fumarate is a prescription antimuscarinic used in adults with overactive bladder syndrome. It helps reduce urinary urgency, frequent urination and leakage caused by urgency.
Feverfew is a herbal product made from Tanacetum parthenium. Selected UK products are traditionally used to help prevent migraine headaches. Registration is based on longstanding use, not demonstrated clinical effectiveness.
Fezolinetant is a non-hormonal treatment for moderate to severe hot flushes and night sweats associated with menopause. It acts on the brain’s temperature-control system rather than replacing oestrogen.
Fidaxomicin is a macrocyclic antibiotic that acts mainly inside the bowel. It treats Clostridioides difficile infection, which can cause diarrhoea and inflammation of the large bowel.
Filgotinib maleate is an oral, targeted anti-inflammatory treatment that preferentially inhibits Janus kinase 1 (JAK1). In adults, it is licensed for certain cases of active rheumatoid arthritis and ulcerative colitis when previous treatments were inadequate or not tolerated.
Filgrastim is a granulocyte-colony stimulating factor that helps bone marrow make and release neutrophils, a type of white blood cell. It is mainly used to manage neutropenia and mobilise blood-forming stem cells for collection.
Finasteride is a prescription-only 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor. In the UK, selected tablets are licensed for male pattern hair loss in men or benign prostate enlargement, depending on the formulation.
Finerenone is a non-steroidal, selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist. The selected UK product is licensed for adults with symptomatic chronic heart failure and a left ventricular ejection fraction of 40% or higher.
Fingolimod hydrochloride is a prescription disease-modifying treatment for highly active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. It reduces inflammatory immune-cell movement into the brain and spinal cord, helping reduce relapses and disability progression; it does not cure multiple sclerosis.
Flavoxate hydrochloride is a urinary antispasmodic that relaxes urinary-tract smooth muscle. It provides symptomatic relief from bladder and urinary-tract spasm, discomfort and urgency.
Flecainide acetate is a class IC anti-arrhythmic that slows electrical conduction through the heart. Specialists use it for selected serious atrial, ventricular and accessory-pathway rhythm disorders.