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Two antacids neutralise excess stomach acid, while simeticone helps trapped gas bubbles combine and disperse. This combination provides short-term relief of heartburn, indigestion, bloating, flatulence and painful trapped wind.
An alginate reflux suppressant with two antacids. It forms a floating barrier over stomach contents and neutralises acid to relieve heartburn, acid regurgitation and reflux-related indigestion.
An electrolyte and bicarbonate solution used with continuous renal replacement therapy in intensive care. It replaces fluid and electrolytes removed during treatment or acts as dialysis fluid, particularly when phosphate is normal or low and potassium has returned to normal.
A glucose-based electrolyte solution for peritoneal dialysis. It is placed into the abdominal cavity through a dialysis catheter to help remove waste substances and excess water from the blood and support fluid, electrolyte and acid–base balance.
A sterile, icodextrin-based fluid used for peritoneal dialysis in chronic kidney failure. It draws excess water across the abdominal lining while dialysis removes fluid and waste products.
A sterile electrolyte and bicarbonate solution used with continuous renal replacement therapy equipment in critical care. It acts as dialysis fluid or replaces water and electrolytes removed during treatment for acute kidney failure.
Calcium chloride dihydrate is an injectable calcium salt used in hospital to restore calcium when blood levels or electrolyte balance are abnormal. Trained healthcare professionals give it into a vein with careful monitoring.
A specialist fluid used with continuous haemofiltration, haemodialysis or haemodiafiltration equipment. It replaces water and electrolytes removed from the blood or acts as dialysis fluid, mainly during treatment for kidney failure.
A sterile fluid used during continuous haemofiltration for acute kidney failure. It replaces water, electrolytes and bicarbonate removed during filtration.
A bicarbonate-buffered replacement solution used during continuous haemofiltration. It replaces water, electrolytes and buffer removed from the blood when acute kidney failure requires renal replacement therapy.
A sterile, glucose-containing electrolyte and bicarbonate/lactate solution used for peritoneal dialysis. It removes waste and excess water through the abdominal lining and helps regulate fluid, electrolyte and acid–base balance.
A specialist electrolyte and amino-acid solution used during surgery to temporarily stop and protect the heart and to protect or preserve donor organs.
An intravenous colloid solution containing succinylated gelatin in balanced electrolyte fluid. It is used in hospital to replace circulating volume when hypovolaemia cannot be adequately treated with crystalloid fluids alone.
An isotonic intravenous solution containing sodium, potassium, calcium and chloride in water. It replaces extracellular fluid and restores electrolyte balance in isotonic dehydration.
A balanced intravenous solution containing sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride and lactate. It replaces extracellular fluid and electrolytes, supports circulating volume and helps correct mild to moderate metabolic acidosis, except lactic acidosis.
Calcium folinate is an active, reduced form of folate. It limits harmful effects from folate antagonists such as methotrexate and can treat megaloblastic anaemia caused by folate deficiency.
Calcium folinate hydrate provides folinic acid, an active reduced form of folate. It limits toxicity from folate antagonists such as methotrexate, enhances fluorouracil's anticancer effect and treats certain folate-deficiency megaloblastic anaemias.
Calcium gluconate is an injectable calcium salt used mainly in hospital emergencies. It treats symptomatic low blood calcium and protects the heart during severe hyperkalaemia, but does not lower potassium.
Calcium polystyrene sulfonate is a non-absorbed ion-exchange resin used to treat hyperkalaemia (too much potassium in the blood). It binds potassium in the gut so more leaves the body in stools.
Calcium sennosides are stimulant laxatives derived from senna. Bacteria in the large bowel convert them into active substances that increase bowel movement and fluid in the colon, relieving occasional constipation.
A topical counter-irritant cream containing cooling and warming ingredients. It provides temporary symptomatic relief of muscular and rheumatic aches, stiffness, bruising and sprains.
Canagliflozin hemihydrate is the tablet form of canagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor that lowers blood glucose by increasing glucose loss in urine. It is used with diet and exercise for insufficiently controlled type 2 diabetes.
A fixed-combination tablet containing an SGLT2 inhibitor and metformin. It is used with diet and exercise for adults with type 2 diabetes when metformin-based treatment is insufficient or to replace the ingredients taken separately.
Canakinumab is a biological treatment that blocks the inflammatory protein interleukin-1 beta. Specialists use it for certain periodic fever syndromes, active Still’s disease and selected adults with frequent gouty arthritis attacks when usual options are unsuitable.
Cangrelor is a reversible antiplatelet treatment given into a vein in hospital. With aspirin, it reduces clot-related cardiovascular events in selected adults having percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) when oral P2Y12 treatment has not already been given and is not feasible or desirable.
Cannabidiol is an antiseizure treatment derived from cannabis but distinct from non-prescription CBD oils. It is used under specialist supervision as an add-on treatment for seizures associated with specific rare epilepsy syndromes.
A prescription oromucosal spray containing standardised cannabidiol (CBD) and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) extracts. It is used for selected adults with multiple-sclerosis-related spasticity when other anti-spasticity medicines have not worked adequately and a specialist-supervised trial shows meaningful benefit.
Capecitabine is an oral chemotherapy that the body converts into fluorouracil, which interferes with cancer-cell growth. It is used alone or with other treatments for selected bowel, stomach and breast cancers.
Capivasertib is an oral targeted cancer treatment called an AKT inhibitor. In the UK, it is used with fulvestrant for certain adults with advanced hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer whose tumour has a PIK3CA, AKT1 or PTEN alteration.
Caplacizumab is an antibody fragment that reduces abnormal platelet clumping in acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (aTTP). It is used with plasma exchange and immunosuppression during an acute episode.
Capreomycin sulfate is an injectable cyclic polypeptide antibiotic used with other medicines for susceptible tuberculosis when primary treatments are ineffective or unsuitable. Current WHO guidance does not recommend it for multidrug- or rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis regimens.
Capsaicin, the substance that gives chilli peppers their heat, is applied as a cream or clinician-administered patch to reduce pain signalling from local sensory nerves. It is mainly used for peripheral neuropathic pain.
Captopril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor that relaxes blood vessels and reduces aldosterone activity. It is used for high blood pressure, heart failure, care after myocardial infarction and certain kidney disease associated with type 1 diabetes.
Carbamazepine is an anti-seizure medicine that reduces excessive electrical signalling in nerves. Selected UK products are licensed for certain seizures, trigeminal neuralgia and prevention of manic-depressive illness when lithium has not worked.
Carbetocin is related to the natural hormone oxytocin. It is given after childbirth to help the womb contract and reduce the risk of postpartum haemorrhage caused by poor uterine contraction.
A fixed combination for adults with Parkinson’s disease whose movement symptoms return towards the end of a levodopa dose despite levodopa plus a dopa-decarboxylase inhibitor.
Carbidopa + levodopa, also called co-careldopa, combines a dopamine precursor with a component that reduces its breakdown outside the brain. It mainly improves movement symptoms of Parkinson’s disease, including slowness, stiffness and tremor.
Carbidopa monohydrate is a form of carbidopa used with levodopa as co-careldopa. It reduces levodopa breakdown outside the brain, allowing more to reach the brain and be converted into dopamine.
A three-component intestinal gel for advanced Parkinson’s disease when severe movement fluctuations or involuntary movements are not controlled satisfactorily by available oral combinations. A pump and tube deliver it into the upper small intestine.
Carbidopa with levodopa, commonly called co-careldopa, treats Parkinson’s disease. Levodopa is converted to dopamine in the brain; carbidopa helps more levodopa reach the brain and reduces peripheral effects. Intestinal gel is reserved for selected people with advanced, levodopa-responsive disease.
Carbimazole reduces excessive thyroid-hormone production. It is used for hyperthyroidism and around thyroid surgery or radioiodine treatment.
Carbocisteine is a mucolytic medicine that makes thick, sticky phlegm easier to cough up. It is used alongside other care for respiratory disorders with excessive, viscous mucus, including chronic obstructive airways disease.
Carbomer is a lubricating eye gel that acts as an artificial tear. It forms a transparent film over the eye surface to relieve symptoms caused by insufficient or unstable tears.
Carboplatin is a platinum-based chemotherapy that damages cancer-cell DNA. The selected UK product is licensed for epithelial ovarian cancer and small-cell lung cancer and may be used alone or with other anticancer treatments.
Carboprost tromethamine is a prostaglandin uterotonic that makes the womb contract. In the UK, it is used after childbirth when heavy bleeding caused by poor uterine contraction has not responded adequately to conventional uterotonics.
Carfilzomib is a proteasome inhibitor for adults with previously treated multiple myeloma. It is given with dexamethasone and, depending on the treatment plan, daratumumab or lenalidomide.
Carglumic acid is a specialist treatment for dangerously raised ammonia caused by certain inherited metabolic disorders. It helps the liver convert ammonia into urea for removal.
Cariprazine hydrochloride is an antipsychotic used to treat schizophrenia in adults. It acts on dopamine and serotonin signalling.
Carmellose sodium is an artificial tear that moistens the eye surface and relieves dry-eye symptoms such as soreness, burning, irritation and dryness.
Carmustine is a nitrosourea chemotherapy that damages cancer-cell DNA. In the UK it is given by intravenous infusion for selected brain and blood cancers, or placed as a biodegradable implant after removal of certain malignant brain tumours.
Caspofungin acetate is an echinocandin antifungal used for serious infections caused by Candida or Aspergillus. It is given into a vein in hospital when an invasive infection is confirmed or strongly suspected.
Catridecacog replaces the missing or ineffective factor XIII A-subunit in congenital deficiency, helping prevent bleeding and manage breakthrough bleeds during prophylaxis.
Cedazuridine + decitabine is an oral anticancer combination used alone for adults with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) who are not eligible for standard induction chemotherapy. Cedazuridine allows more decitabine to reach the bloodstream.
Cefaclor monohydrate is an oral second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic for selected susceptible bacterial infections. Licensed uses vary by formulation.
An oral antibiotic that kills susceptible bacteria by disrupting cell-wall formation. It is licensed for selected throat, chest, urinary, skin and soft-tissue infections when oral treatment is appropriate.
Cefalexin is a prescription cephalosporin antibiotic that kills susceptible bacteria. It is commonly used for bacterial infections affecting the chest, urinary tract, skin and soft tissues, and middle ear.
Cefalexin monohydrate is an oral cephalosporin antibiotic for infections caused by susceptible bacteria. It does not treat viral infections.
Cefepime is a fourth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic that kills susceptible bacteria. It is given by injection or infusion, usually in hospital, for serious infections affecting sites such as the lungs, urinary tract, skin, abdomen or bloodstream.
A fourth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic combined with a beta-lactamase inhibitor. It is given by intravenous infusion in hospital for specified serious infections in adults.
Cefiderocol sulfate tosylate provides cefiderocol, an intravenous siderophore cephalosporin antibiotic. It is licensed for adults with infections caused by aerobic Gram-negative organisms when treatment options are limited, and is classed as a Reserve antibiotic in the UK.