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Folinic acid is an active, reduced form of folate used in specialist cancer care. It protects healthy cells from folate-antagonist toxicity, particularly from methotrexate, and can strengthen fluorouracil’s anticancer effect.
Follitropin alfa is a laboratory-made version of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Specialists use it to support ovarian follicle development or, with other hormones, sperm production in selected adults with infertility.
Follitropin alfa and lutropin alfa are recombinant versions of the natural hormones FSH and LH. Together, they stimulate ovarian follicle development in adult women with severe deficiency of both hormones as part of specialist fertility treatment.
Follitropin delta is a recombinant form of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). It is used under specialist supervision to stimulate the ovaries to develop multiple follicles for assisted reproduction, including IVF and ICSI.
Fondaparinux sodium is a synthetic anticoagulant that reduces the blood’s ability to form harmful clots. The selected UK product is licensed to prevent venous clots in certain surgical or acutely ill adults and to treat particular superficial-vein clots in the leg.
Formoterol + glycopyrronium combines two long-acting bronchodilators in one inhaler. It is regular maintenance treatment for adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), not a rescue inhaler.
Fosaprepitant dimeglumine is an intravenous anti-sickness treatment rapidly converted to aprepitant. It helps prevent chemotherapy-related nausea and vomiting and is used with other anti-sickness treatments.
A prescription treatment given continuously under the skin using a portable pump. It is used for advanced levodopa-responsive Parkinson’s disease when severe movement fluctuations or involuntary movements are not controlled satisfactorily by available medicine combinations.
Foscarnet sodium hexahydrate is an antiviral given into a vein in hospital. It is usually reserved for serious cytomegalovirus eye disease or aciclovir-unresponsive herpes simplex infection in people with substantial immune suppression.
Foscarnet trisodium hexahydrate is an antiviral given by intravenous infusion under specialist supervision. It is mainly used for CMV retinitis in people with AIDS and certain aciclovir-unresponsive herpes simplex infections in immunocompromised people.
Fosfomycin is an antibiotic that kills susceptible bacteria by preventing cell-wall formation. The selected intravenous product is used for certain serious or complicated infections when antibiotics commonly used first are considered inappropriate.
Fosfomycin trometamol is an oral bactericidal antibiotic that blocks bacterial cell-wall formation. The selected UK product is licensed for acute uncomplicated cystitis in women and female adolescents and infection prevention around transrectal prostate biopsy in adult men. The granules must be dissolved in water.
Fosinopril sodium is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. It relaxes blood vessels and is licensed to treat high blood pressure and symptomatic heart failure.
Fosphenytoin sodium is an injectable antiseizure treatment that the body rapidly converts into phenytoin. It is mainly used in hospital for tonic-clonic status epilepticus, seizures associated with neurosurgery or head injury, or when oral phenytoin cannot be used.
An oral spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitor for adults with chronic immune thrombocytopenia when other treatments have not worked adequately. It helps reduce immune-mediated platelet destruction.
Fostemsavir tromethamine is an antiretroviral prodrug converted into temsavir. It is used with other antiretrovirals for adults with multidrug-resistant HIV-1 when a suppressive combination cannot otherwise be constructed.
Fremanezumab is a humanised monoclonal antibody that targets calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). It helps prevent migraine in eligible adults but does not treat an attack that has already started.
Frovatriptan is a prescription triptan for the headache phase of migraine attacks with or without aura in adults. It does not prevent migraines.
Fruquintinib is an oral targeted anticancer treatment that blocks vascular endothelial growth factor receptors. It is licensed for adults with metastatic colorectal cancer previously treated with available established therapies.
Fulvestrant is an endocrine treatment that blocks and reduces oestrogen receptors. It is used for certain hormone-sensitive locally advanced or metastatic breast cancers, alone or with palbociclib.
Furosemide is a loop diuretic, often called a water tablet. It increases urine production to remove excess fluid caused by heart, lung, liver or kidney disease. Selected UK products are also licensed for hypertension.
Fusidic acid is an antibiotic particularly active against susceptible staphylococci. Cream treats limited superficial skin infections; oral and intravenous formulations treat systemic infections under specialist management.
This skin cream combines fusidic acid, an antibiotic, with hydrocortisone acetate, a mild corticosteroid. It treats inflamed eczema or dermatitis with a secondary bacterial infection susceptible to fusidic acid.
Fusidic acid hemihydrate is an ophthalmic antibiotic that acts locally in the eye. It treats bacterial conjunctivitis caused by susceptible organisms, not viral or allergic conjunctivitis.
Gabapentin is a prescription gabapentinoid used mainly for certain epileptic seizures and peripheral neuropathic pain. It is not an ordinary painkiller for everyday aches.
Gadobenate dimeglumine is a gadolinium-based contrast agent used during MRI. The selected UK product improves liver imaging when essential information cannot be obtained from an unenhanced scan and delayed imaging is needed.
Gadobutrol is a gadolinium-based contrast agent used during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). It temporarily makes certain tissues, lesions and blood vessels easier to see when an unenhanced scan would not provide essential diagnostic information.
A gadolinium-based contrast agent injected directly into a joint to make structures clearer during magnetic resonance arthrography. It does not treat joint disease.
Gadoterate meglumine is a macrocyclic gadolinium-based contrast agent used for diagnosis, not treatment. It is injected into a vein to make selected tissues, lesions and blood vessels clearer on MRI images.
Gadoteridol is a macrocyclic gadolinium-based contrast agent injected into a vein to make certain tissues and abnormalities clearer on MRI when an unenhanced scan would not provide essential diagnostic information.
A gadolinium-based contrast agent used during liver MRI to detect and characterise focal liver lesions when an unenhanced scan is insufficient.
Galantamine hydrobromide is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used to treat symptoms of mild to moderately severe Alzheimer’s dementia. It may temporarily support memory, thinking and everyday function, but does not cure dementia or stop the underlying disease.
Galcanezumab is a humanised monoclonal antibody that blocks calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). It is licensed to prevent migraine in adults with at least four migraine days per month; it does not treat an attack that has already started.
Ganciclovir limits herpes-virus replication. The selected UK eye gel is licensed for acute herpetic keratitis in adults, including dendritic and geographic corneal ulcers.
Ganciclovir sodium is a systemic antiviral that slows cytomegalovirus (CMV) replication. Selected UK products are given intravenously to treat or prevent CMV disease in immunocompromised people.
Ganirelix is a GnRH antagonist used during assisted reproduction, including IVF. It temporarily suppresses reproductive hormones to help prevent eggs being released before planned collection.
Ganirelix acetate is a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist used during assisted reproduction, including IVF. It temporarily suppresses the hormone surge that could release eggs before planned maturation and collection.
Gefapixant citrate is a P2X3 receptor antagonist licensed for adults with chronic cough that persists despite treatment or has no identified cause.
Gefitinib is an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor for adults with locally advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer whose tumour has an activating EGFR mutation.
Gemcitabine hydrochloride is cytotoxic chemotherapy that interferes with DNA production in dividing cells. It is used alone or with other anticancer treatments for several advanced or metastatic solid tumours.
Gemfibrozil is a fibrate that changes how the body handles triglyceride-rich particles and other blood lipids. It is used alongside diet and lifestyle measures for severe hypertriglyceridaemia or certain cholesterol disorders when a statin is unsuitable.
Gemtuzumab ozogamicin is an antibody–drug conjugate that targets CD33-positive leukaemia cells. It is licensed with daunorubicin and cytarabine for certain people aged 15 years and over with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukaemia (AML).
Gentamicin sulfate is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used mainly for serious infections caused by susceptible bacteria. Systemic treatment is usually given in hospital, while eye and ear drops treat or prevent selected local infections.
This prescription ear preparation combines gentamicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, with hydrocortisone acetate, a corticosteroid that reduces inflammation. It treats selected bacterial and eczematous outer-ear conditions and certain surgical ear cavities.
Gilteritinib fumarate is a targeted anticancer treatment called a protein kinase inhibitor. It is used alone for adults whose FLT3-mutated acute myeloid leukaemia has returned or has not responded to previous treatment.
Givosiran sodium is a liver-targeted small interfering RNA treatment for acute hepatic porphyria. It reduces production of harmful haem precursors linked to attacks and other disease manifestations.
Glasdegib maleate is a targeted anticancer treatment that blocks Hedgehog signalling. In the UK, it is licensed with low-dose cytarabine for adults with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukaemia who are not candidates for standard induction chemotherapy.
Glatiramer acetate is an immunomodulating treatment for relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis. It aims to reduce future relapses rather than relieve an attack already happening.
Glecaprevir + pibrentasvir combines two direct-acting antivirals that block hepatitis C virus replication. It is used under specialist supervision to treat chronic hepatitis C in adults and children aged 3 years and older.
Glibenclamide is a sulphonylurea that helps pancreatic beta cells release insulin. The selected UK product is licensed for neonatal diabetes in newborns, infants and children, particularly where certain genetic changes affect beta-cell potassium channels or cause transient neonatal diabetes.
Gliclazide is a sulfonylurea medicine that lowers blood glucose by increasing insulin release from the pancreas. It is licensed for adults with type 2 diabetes when lifestyle measures alone do not provide adequate control.
Glimepiride is an oral sulphonylurea that lowers blood glucose by increasing insulin release from the pancreas. It is licensed for type 2 diabetes when lifestyle measures alone have not provided adequate control.
Glipizide is a sulfonylurea that lowers blood glucose by increasing insulin release from the pancreas. The selected UK product is licensed for adults with type 2 diabetes alongside diet and exercise.
Glofitamab is a bispecific monoclonal antibody that helps T cells recognise and destroy CD20-bearing B cells. It is used in adults with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in specified licensed settings.
Glucagon is a hormone that raises blood glucose by releasing glucose stored in the liver. It is mainly used as emergency treatment for severe hypoglycaemia in insulin-treated adults and children who cannot safely take sugar by mouth. Medical professionals may also use it to reduce gut movement during certain investigations.
Glucose is a simple sugar and the body’s main readily available energy source. Concentrated intravenous glucose is used in hospital to restore low blood glucose and in selected emergencies or nutritional support.
This is a balanced electrolyte and glucose solution given directly into a vein. It replaces fluid, supplies carbohydrate and can help correct mild to moderate metabolic acidosis.
A premixed intravenous fluid containing glucose, potassium, sodium and chloride. It replaces fluid and electrolytes while providing an energy source.
Glucose + sodium chloride is an intravenous fluid containing water, salt and glucose. It is used when water, electrolytes and carbohydrate are needed but adequate intake by a normal route is restricted.
Glucose monohydrate is a simple sugar used in intravenous solutions for carbohydrate and fluid support and as a vehicle for compatible intravenous medicines.