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Ciclesonide is an inhaled corticosteroid that reduces airway inflammation. The selected UK product prevents persistent asthma symptoms in adults and adolescents aged 12 years and over but does not relieve sudden attacks.
Ciclosporin reduces T-cell activity. Systemic formulations help prevent transplant rejection and treat selected severe inflammatory diseases; eye drops treat dry eye disease that has not improved with tear substitutes.
Cidofovir is an antiviral that blocks cytomegalovirus (CMV) from copying its DNA. It is licensed for CMV retinitis in adults with AIDS who do not have renal dysfunction, when other treatments are unsuitable.
An intravenous combination antibacterial used in hospital for serious infections caused by susceptible bacteria. Imipenem kills bacteria, cilastatin prevents its breakdown in the kidneys, and relebactam blocks certain bacterial resistance enzymes.
Cilostazol is an antiplatelet and blood-vessel-widening treatment for intermittent claudication caused by peripheral arterial disease. It is used when lifestyle measures and other appropriate interventions have not sufficiently improved walking symptoms.
Ciltacabtagene autoleucel is a personalised therapy made by genetically modifying a person’s own T cells. It is used at specialist centres for eligible adults with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma after previous treatment.
Cimetidine reduces stomach acid and pepsin output. Licensed uses include acid-related ulcers, reflux and selected conditions where reducing gastric secretion is beneficial.
Cinacalcet hydrochloride is a calcimimetic that makes the parathyroid glands more sensitive to calcium, reducing parathyroid hormone release and usually lowering blood calcium. It is used for specified parathyroid disorders.
Hydrocortisone reduces inflammation and itching, while cinchocaine numbs pain. This combination provides short-term symptom relief for internal or external haemorrhoids but does not remove them.
This combines a mild topical corticosteroid with a local anaesthetic. It relieves inflammation, swelling, soreness, itching and pain from haemorrhoids and itching around the anus, but does not treat the underlying cause.
Cinnarizine reduces nausea and dizziness linked to motion. The selected UK product is licensed for controlling motion sickness and is also used outside its licence for some inner-ear symptoms.
Cinnarizine + dimenhydrinate combines two antivertigo agents acting on different parts of the balance system. The selected UK product is licensed to treat vertigo symptoms in adults.
Cipaglucosidase alfa is an enzyme replacement treatment for adults with late-onset Pompe disease. It is used with miglustat, which stabilises the enzyme in the bloodstream.
Ciprofibrate is a fibrate that lowers triglycerides and other blood fats. It is licensed alongside diet, exercise and weight management for severe hypertriglyceridaemia, and for mixed hyperlipidaemia when a statin is contraindicated or not tolerated.
Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic that kills susceptible bacteria. Systemic use is reserved for infections where commonly recommended antibiotics are inappropriate because it can rarely cause serious, prolonged or irreversible adverse effects.
Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride supplies ciprofloxacin, an antibiotic that kills susceptible bacteria. Oral ciprofloxacin is reserved for infections where other commonly recommended antibiotics are inappropriate; eye and ear preparations treat specific local bacterial infections.
A prescription ear-drop suspension combining a fluoroquinolone antibiotic with a corticosteroid. It treats bacterial outer-ear infection while reducing inflammation and redness.
These prescription ear drops combine a fluoroquinolone antibiotic with a corticosteroid. They treat specified bacterial infections of the outer ear or middle ear with tympanostomy tubes.
Cisatracurium besilate is a non-depolarising neuromuscular blocker that temporarily relaxes skeletal muscles. It is given intravenously during general anaesthesia or intensive care to support tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation.
Cisplatin is a platinum-based chemotherapy that damages cancer-cell DNA. It is usually given in hospital, alone or with other chemotherapy or radiotherapy, for several solid tumours.
A bowel-cleansing preparation containing a stimulant laxative and magnesium citrate formed when mixed with water. It causes frequent watery bowel movements so the bowel can be examined clearly.
Citric acid monohydrate is the active ingredient in simple linctus oral liquids. It soothes the throat to relieve mild, dry or non-productive cough symptoms but does not treat the underlying cause.
A bowel-cleansing preparation that causes frequent watery stools before certain examinations, endoscopy or surgery. It is not intended for routine constipation treatment.
Cladribine reduces lymphocytes and interferes with DNA synthesis and repair. Tablets treat active relapsing multiple sclerosis in adults, while injections treat hairy cell leukaemia; selected Leustat products also treat certain previously treated B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.
Clarithromycin is a prescription macrolide antibiotic that stops susceptible bacteria making proteins needed for growth. It treats selected respiratory, ear, skin and soft-tissue infections and is used with other treatments to eradicate Helicobacter pylori.
Clarithromycin lactobionate is a water-soluble form of clarithromycin used to prepare an intravenous infusion. It is generally used in hospital for susceptible respiratory, throat, sinus, skin or soft-tissue infections requiring intravenous treatment.
Clindamycin hydrochloride is a prescription-only lincosamide antibiotic. Oral capsules are licensed for serious infections caused by susceptible Gram-positive or anaerobic bacteria.
Clindamycin phosphate is converted into clindamycin, a lincosamide antibiotic. Formulations include an injection for serious susceptible infections, skin preparations for acne and a vaginal cream for bacterial vaginosis.
This prescription gel combines a topical antibiotic with a retinoid. It treats acne with blocked pores and inflamed spots.
Clobazam is a benzodiazepine that reduces excessive brain activity. Selected products are licensed as add-on treatment for epilepsy and for symptom relief in severe anxiety. It is not an antipsychotic.
Clobetasol propionate is a very potent corticosteroid applied to the skin or scalp to reduce inflammation, itching and irritation. It is generally reserved for steroid-responsive conditions that have not responded adequately to less potent corticosteroids.
This skin treatment combines a very potent corticosteroid with an antibiotic and an antifungal. It is used for resistant inflammatory skin conditions when secondary bacterial or candidal infection is present, suspected or likely.
Clobetasone butyrate is a moderately potent corticosteroid applied to the skin. It reduces inflammation, itching and irritation in steroid-responsive conditions such as eczema and dermatitis.
This skin cream combines a moderately potent corticosteroid with an antibiotic and an antifungal. It is used for inflamed, itchy skin conditions when bacterial or candidal infection is present, suspected or likely.
Clomethiazole is a short-acting sedative and hypnotic with anticonvulsant effects. UK oral products are licensed for selected symptoms in older people and for alcohol withdrawal under close hospital supervision.
Clomifene citrate is an ovulation stimulant used for certain types of infertility when ovulation is absent or disrupted and other causes have been assessed.
Clomipramine hydrochloride is a prescription-only tricyclic antidepressant for adults. Licensed uses include depressive illness where sedation is helpful, obsessional or phobic states, and additional treatment for cataplexy associated with narcolepsy.
Clonazepam is a benzodiazepine that reduces abnormal electrical activity in the brain. Selected UK products are licensed mainly for epilepsy; licensed ages and seizure types vary by product.
Clonidine hydrochloride is a centrally acting alpha-2 agonist that reduces sympathetic nerve signals. Licensed uses vary by formulation and include migraine prevention, menopausal flushing, hypertension and hospital treatment of hypertensive crises.
Cloral betaine is a hypnotic that converts to chloral hydrate in the body. It is licensed for severe insomnia that disrupts daily life when behavioural measures and other treatments have failed.
An injectable botulinum toxin type A preparation that reduces selected nerve signals to muscles, sweat glands or the bladder. Specialists use it for certain forms of spasm, spasticity, excessive underarm sweating and neurological bladder incontinence.
Clotrimazole is an azole antifungal used locally on the skin or in and around the vagina. Selected UK products treat fungal skin infections, vaginal thrush and external vulval irritation caused by thrush.
This combines two azole antifungals. Oral fluconazole treats Candida systemically, while external clotrimazole treats soreness and itching around affected genital skin. It is intended for previously diagnosed vaginal or penile thrush.
This skin cream combines an antifungal with a mild corticosteroid. It treats certain fungal skin infections when redness, itching or swelling is present.
Clove oil is a dental solution for temporary toothache relief. It acts locally but does not treat the underlying dental problem, so dental assessment remains important.
Clozapine is mainly used when schizophrenia has not responded to other antipsychotics or they have caused severe neurological effects. It is also licensed for psychosis associated with Parkinson’s disease when standard treatment has failed. Specialist supervision and regular blood monitoring are required.
Co-trimoxazole combines trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole. It treats selected susceptible infections and can prevent Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia or toxoplasmosis. Infusion is generally reserved for when oral treatment is unsuitable.
Coal tar extract is a topical treatment that reduces excessive skin-cell turnover and helps relieve scaling and itching. As a medicated shampoo, it is licensed for dandruff, seborrhoeic dermatitis of the scalp and scalp psoriasis. The selected Neutrogena T/Gel product is marked as discontinued on eMC.
Coal tar solution is a topical tar preparation for psoriasis of the skin or scalp. It helps reduce scaling, inflammation and itching by slowing excessive skin-cell production.
A topical ointment combining coal tar, sulfur and salicylic acid. It loosens thick scale, reduces excessive skin hardening and relieves irritation in scaly scalp conditions.
A topical tar preparation used to manage psoriasis by reducing excessive skin-cell production, scaling and itching. Its precise action is not fully understood.
A rinse-off shampoo combining coal tar, salicylic acid and coconut oil. It reduces itching and scale while softening the scalp in conditions including dandruff, seborrhoeic dermatitis, psoriasis and cradle cap.
Cobicistat is a pharmacokinetic enhancer used in combination treatment for HIV-1. It has no direct antiviral activity; it slows the breakdown of certain HIV protease inhibitors.
This fixed combination contains darunavir, an HIV protease inhibitor, and cobicistat, which increases darunavir exposure but has no antiviral activity itself. It is used with other antiretrovirals to treat HIV-1 under specialist care.
A fixed-combination antiretroviral treatment for HIV-1. It controls HIV but does not cure the infection.
A fixed combination of four antiretroviral substances used to control HIV-1 infection. Elvitegravir, emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide act against the virus; cobicistat increases elvitegravir exposure.
A fixed-dose combination of three antiretroviral agents and cobicistat, which boosts elvitegravir exposure. It is licensed as a complete treatment for selected adults and adolescents with HIV-1, subject to resistance, kidney and other clinical considerations.
Cobimetinib hemifumarate is a targeted anticancer treatment called a MEK inhibitor. In the UK, it is licensed with vemurafenib for adults with BRAF V600 mutation-positive melanoma that cannot be removed surgically or has spread.
Cocaine hydrochloride is a topical local anaesthetic that also narrows blood vessels. The selected UK product is applied by trained clinicians to accessible mucous membranes before surgery, particularly in the mouth, larynx or nose.
Combines an opioid analgesic with a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Selected products are licensed for acute moderate pain not relieved by paracetamol, ibuprofen or aspirin alone.