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Dorzolamide hydrochloride is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor supplied as eye drops. It lowers raised pressure inside the eye in ocular hypertension and certain forms of glaucoma.
This prescription eye-drop combination contains dorzolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, and timolol, a beta blocker. It lowers pressure inside the eye in open-angle or pseudoexfoliative glaucoma when a topical beta blocker alone is insufficient.
Dostarlimab helps immune cells recognise and attack cancer cells. It is used in adults with advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer, either with platinum-containing chemotherapy or alone in selected tumours after previous platinum treatment.
Dosulepin hydrochloride is licensed for depressive illness, particularly when an anti-anxiety effect is needed. Because of serious cardiac toxicity in overdose, new treatment is restricted to specialist care when alternatives are unsuitable or ineffective.
Doxapram hydrochloride is a respiratory stimulant given into a vein by a healthcare professional. In the UK, it is licensed to stimulate breathing and arousal after anaesthesia when respiratory activity is reduced.
Doxepin hydrochloride is a sedating tricyclic antidepressant licensed in the selected UK product for depressive illness in adults, particularly when sedation may help.
Doxorubicin hydrochloride is an anthracycline chemotherapy that damages cancer-cell DNA and limits cell division. Conventional and pegylated-liposomal formulations treat different cancers and are not interchangeable.
This combines doxylamine, a sedating antihistamine, with pyridoxine (vitamin B6). It treats nausea and vomiting of pregnancy in adults when lifestyle and dietary measures have not worked.
An oral iron salt used mainly to treat iron-deficiency anaemia. It supplies iron needed to make haemoglobin and red blood cells.
Dronedarone hydrochloride is an antiarrhythmic used under specialist supervision to help maintain a normal rhythm after successful cardioversion in selected clinically stable adults with paroxysmal or persistent atrial fibrillation.
Droperidol is a butyrophenone dopamine-receptor antagonist given by intravenous injection in hospital to prevent or treat nausea and vomiting around surgery, including nausea associated with morphine-based patient-controlled analgesia.
Drospirenone is a progestogen used alone in an oral contraceptive. The selected product prevents pregnancy without containing oestrogen.
Drospirenone + estetrol is a combined oral contraceptive containing an oestrogen and a progestogen. It prevents pregnancy mainly by stopping ovulation.
Combined hormone replacement therapy containing estradiol, an oestrogen, and drospirenone, a progestogen. It relieves postmenopausal oestrogen-deficiency symptoms and has a restricted role in preventing osteoporosis.
Drospirenone + ethinylestradiol is a combined oral contraceptive containing a progestogen and an oestrogen. Its licensed role in the selected UK product is preventing pregnancy.
Dulaglutide is a long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist that helps lower blood glucose. The selected UK product is used with diet and exercise for insufficiently controlled type 2 diabetes in adults and young people aged 10 years and over.
Dupilumab is a targeted monoclonal antibody that blocks two signals involved in type 2 inflammation. It is used for selected inflammatory conditions affecting the skin, airways and digestive tract when standard treatment has not provided adequate control.
Durvalumab is a monoclonal antibody and immune checkpoint inhibitor used to treat several cancers in adults. Depending on the cancer, stage and biomarkers, it may be used alone or with other anticancer treatments.
Dutasteride is a 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor for moderate to severe symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia, a non-cancerous enlarged prostate. It gradually reduces prostate growth and lowers the risk of urinary retention and prostate surgery.
Combines a 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor with an alpha-blocker. It treats moderate to severe symptoms of benign prostate enlargement and reduces the risk of acute urinary retention and prostate-related surgery.
Dydrogesterone is a synthetic progestogen with effects similar to progesterone. It is used for menstrual and progesterone-related disorders and alongside oestrogen in some hormone replacement therapy.
An oral combined hormone replacement therapy (HRT) containing estradiol, an oestrogen, and dydrogesterone, a progestogen. It mainly treats postmenopausal oestrogen-deficiency symptoms; dydrogesterone helps protect the womb lining.
Echinacea purpurea is a herbal preparation made from purple coneflower. The selected UK tablet is registered to relieve common-cold and influenza-type symptoms based on traditional use, not proof from clinical trials. Research across varied echinacea products has not established a clear treatment benefit.
Econazole nitrate is an imidazole antifungal used locally on the skin or inside the vagina. Selected UK products are licensed for certain fungal skin infections and vaginal thrush caused by susceptible yeasts.
Eculizumab is a monoclonal antibody that blocks terminal complement activity. Under specialist supervision, it reduces complement-mediated blood-cell destruction in paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH) and blood-vessel and kidney injury in atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome (aHUS).
Edotreotide is a somatostatin analogue used to prepare radioactive gallium-68 edotreotide for PET imaging. It helps locate certain neuroendocrine tumours in adults but does not treat cancer.
Efavirenz is an NNRTI used with other antiretrovirals to treat HIV-1. It reduces viral replication but does not cure HIV and should not be used alone.
This fixed-combination antiretroviral contains three active ingredients that block HIV replication. It is licensed to maintain control of HIV-1 in selected adults whose infection is already suppressed and who have no relevant history of treatment failure or resistance.
A fixed-combination antiretroviral treatment containing three active substances that suppress HIV-1. The selected product is licensed for certain adults whose HIV is stably suppressed and not resistant to its components.
A fixed-combination antiretroviral tablet containing three components that block HIV-1 replication. It is licensed for certain adults whose HIV is stably suppressed and whose virus is not resistant to its components.
Efgartigimod alfa is a selective immunosuppressant that lowers circulating IgG antibodies, including harmful autoantibodies. Selected formulations are licensed for certain adults with generalised myasthenia gravis, and the subcutaneous formulation is also licensed for certain adults with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy.
A topical treatment licensed for facial hirsutism in adult women. It slows hair growth rather than removing existing hair.
Efmoroctocog alfa is a recombinant factor VIII replacement with an Fc component that helps it remain in circulation longer. It treats and helps prevent bleeding in haemophilia A.
Eftrenonacog alfa is a recombinant clotting factor IX designed to remain in circulation longer. It treats and prevents bleeding in people of all ages with haemophilia B under specialist care.
Elacestrant is an oral selective oestrogen receptor degrader used as endocrine treatment for certain advanced breast cancers. In the UK, it is licensed on its own for postmenopausal women and men whose ER-positive, HER2-negative cancer has an activating ESR1 mutation and has progressed after specified previous endocrine treatment.
Eladocagene exuparvovec is an AAV2-based gene therapy for severe aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) deficiency. It delivers a functioning DDC gene to brain cells, enabling AADC enzyme expression and dopamine production.
Elafibranor treats adults with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). It is used with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) when UDCA has not worked well enough, or alone when UDCA cannot be tolerated.
A fixed-combination treatment for chronic hepatitis C, principally genotypes 1 and 4, used under specialist supervision.
Eletriptan hydrobromide is a prescription-only triptan for treating the headache phase of migraine attacks in adults, with or without aura. It does not prevent migraine.
A triple CFTR modulator for cystic fibrosis caused by eligible CFTR gene variants. In the UK, it is used with a separate ivacaftor product to improve the amount and function of CFTR protein at cell surfaces.
Eliglustat tartrate is an oral substrate-reduction treatment for Gaucher disease type 1. It reduces production of the fatty substance that accumulates in affected cells. Specialist testing is needed before treatment to assess how the body metabolises it.
Elotuzumab is a humanised monoclonal antibody used with other anti-myeloma treatments for previously treated multiple myeloma.
Elranatamab is a bispecific antibody cancer treatment that helps T cells recognise and destroy multiple myeloma cells. It is licensed for use alone in previously treated adults whose multiple myeloma has returned and is resistant to treatment.
Eltrombopag olamine is a thrombopoietin-receptor agonist that stimulates bone marrow to make more platelets. Specialists use it for selected people with low platelet counts or severe aplastic anaemia.
Emicizumab is a bispecific monoclonal antibody used to prevent or reduce bleeding in haemophilia A. It provides factor VIII-like activity and can work whether or not factor VIII inhibitors are present.
Empagliflozin is a prescription SGLT2 inhibitor that makes the kidneys remove more glucose and sodium in urine. In the UK, it is licensed for type 2 diabetes, symptomatic chronic heart failure and chronic kidney disease in specified age groups.
This fixed-dose tablet combines empagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, with linagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor. It is used in selected adults with type 2 diabetes to improve blood glucose control.
A fixed-dose tablet combining an SGLT2 inhibitor with metformin. Alongside diet and exercise, it improves blood glucose control in people with type 2 diabetes when metformin-based treatment is insufficient.
Emtricitabine is a nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor used with other antiretrovirals to treat HIV-1. It reduces viral replication but does not cure HIV and should not be used alone for treatment.
A fixed-combination antiretroviral treatment for HIV-1. It reduces viral replication and helps control viral load, but does not cure HIV.
A fixed-combination antiretroviral treatment for selected adults with HIV-1 whose viral load and resistance history meet product-specific criteria.
This combination contains two antiretroviral reverse-transcriptase inhibitors. It is used with other antiretrovirals to treat HIV-1 and, within its licensed population, as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). It does not cure HIV.
This fixed-combination tablet contains two reverse-transcriptase inhibitors. It is used with other antiretrovirals to treat HIV-1, or as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for people confirmed HIV-negative who are at high risk of acquiring HIV.
This fixed combination contains two reverse-transcriptase inhibitors. It is used with other antiretrovirals to treat HIV-1 and, in people confirmed HIV-negative, as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) alongside other prevention measures.
This fixed-combination antiretroviral is licensed for HIV-1 treatment as part of combination therapy and as PrEP to reduce sexually acquired HIV-1 risk in people confirmed to be HIV-negative.
This antiviral tablet combines two reverse-transcriptase inhibitors. It is licensed with other antiretrovirals to treat HIV-1 and as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for people confirmed HIV-negative.
In the selected licensed aqueous cream, emulsifying ointment is combined with paraffins and water to moisturise dry skin. It can also replace soap for washing.
This water-containing emollient cream contains emulsifying ointment and paraffins. It relieves dry skin symptoms and can replace soap, although it may irritate some people when left on the skin.
This paraffin-based ointment contains recognised emollient ingredients. It is licensed for pharmacists to prepare Aqueous Cream BP and Buffered Cream BP, not with its own clinical indication or treatment schedule.
Enalapril maleate is an ACE inhibitor that relaxes blood vessels. It is used for high blood pressure and heart failure; a specific orodispersible product is licensed for heart failure in children.