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Tezepelumab is a biologic monoclonal antibody that reduces inflammation by blocking thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP). In the UK, it is used as add-on treatment for severe asthma and, in adults, severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps when specified existing treatments have not controlled the condition.
Thalidomide is an oral immunomodulatory treatment. In the selected UK licences, it is used with melphalan and prednisone as first-line treatment for certain adults with untreated multiple myeloma.
Thiopental sodium is a rapid-onset barbiturate anaesthetic given into a vein. It is used to start general anaesthesia, provide hypnosis with other anaesthetic medicines and for selected specialist uses.
Thiotepa is an alkylating chemotherapy that damages DNA and suppresses bone marrow. It is usually combined with other chemotherapy, sometimes with total-body irradiation, to prepare adults or children for a stem-cell transplant.
Thyrotropin alfa is a laboratory-made form of human thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). After thyroid surgery, it stimulates remaining thyroid cells for thyroglobulin testing, radioiodine imaging or selected radioiodine ablation procedures while thyroid hormone treatment continues.
Tiagabine hydrochloride monohydrate is an antiseizure treatment that strengthens inhibitory GABA signalling. The selected UK product is licensed as add-on treatment for focal seizures when another antiseizure treatment has not provided adequate control.
Tibolone is a synthetic hormone replacement therapy that the body converts into substances with oestrogenic, progestogenic and androgenic effects. It relieves symptoms after menopause and, in selected people, helps prevent osteoporosis.
Ticagrelor is an antiplatelet treatment that makes platelets less likely to form harmful clots. It is used after acute coronary syndromes or a previous heart attack in selected people at high risk.
An inactivated vaccine that helps protect against tick-borne encephalitis, a viral infection affecting the brain and nervous system. It is considered for people at increased risk through travel, residence or work and does not treat existing infection.
Tigecycline is an intravenous glycylcycline antibiotic used in hospital for certain serious, complicated bacterial infections when other antibiotics are unsuitable.
Tildrakizumab blocks interleukin-23, an immune-system protein involved in psoriasis inflammation. It is licensed for adults with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis who are candidates for systemic therapy.
Timolol maleate is a non-selective beta blocker available as eye preparations and tablets. Eye preparations lower raised pressure inside the eye; tablets have licensed cardiovascular uses and can help prevent migraine attacks.
Timolol maleate + travoprost combines a beta blocker with a prostaglandin analogue in an eye-drop solution. It is licensed for adults with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension when either type of eye drop alone has not lowered eye pressure sufficiently.
Timothy grass pollen allergen is an allergy immunotherapy placed under the tongue. It modifies the immune response to grass pollen and reduces clinically relevant seasonal nose and eye allergy symptoms in people with confirmed sensitisation.
Tincture of matricaria is an extract of German chamomile flower. In the selected UK product, it is incorporated into an oral powder traditionally used to relieve teething pain, sore or tender gums, flushed cheeks and dribbling. Registration is based on traditional use rather than demonstrated clinical efficacy.
Tinzaparin sodium is an injectable low-molecular-weight heparin anticoagulant used in adults to treat venous blood clots, including deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism and cancer-associated venous thromboembolism.
Tioconazole is an imidazole antifungal applied directly to affected nails. Selected UK products are licensed for nail infections caused by susceptible dermatophytes, yeasts and bacteria.
Tioguanine is an oral cytotoxic chemotherapy and purine analogue. Its licensed role is primarily in specialist treatment of acute myeloid and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, usually alongside other chemotherapy.
Tiotropium bromide is an inhaled, long-acting antimuscarinic bronchodilator used for maintenance treatment of COPD symptoms in adults. It is not a rescue inhaler for sudden breathlessness.
Tiotropium bromide monohydrate is an inhaled long-acting antimuscarinic bronchodilator for maintenance treatment of COPD and, in selected patients, add-on treatment of severe asthma. It does not relieve sudden breathing symptoms.
An oral cytotoxic treatment for certain advanced bowel or stomach cancers. Trifluridine disrupts cancer-cell DNA, while tipiracil slows its breakdown.
Tirbanibulin is a prescription ointment that targets abnormal, sun-damaged skin cells. It is licensed for adults with mild, non-thickened actinic keratoses in a defined area of the face or scalp.
Tirofiban is an intravenous antiplatelet treatment that stops platelets sticking together. Hospital specialists use it with other antithrombotic treatments for selected adults with acute coronary syndromes, including those undergoing coronary intervention.
Tirofiban hydrochloride monohydrate is an intravenous antiplatelet treatment used in hospital for certain acute coronary syndromes. It reduces platelet clumping and helps prevent heart attack or major cardiovascular complications around coronary intervention.
Tirzepatide (Mounjaro) is a prescription injectable medicine that activates GIP and GLP-1 receptors. In the UK, it is licensed for insufficiently controlled type 2 diabetes in people aged 10 years and over and for weight management in eligible adults alongside diet and physical activity.
Tisagenlecleucel is a personalised cancer treatment made by genetically modifying a patient’s own T cells. It is used in specialist centres for selected relapsed or treatment-resistant B-cell leukaemia and lymphomas.
This topical ointment combines three titanium compounds in a water-repellent base. It is licensed to treat nappy rash by forming a protective film over irritated skin. The selected eMC product is marked as discontinued.
Tivozanib is an oral targeted anticancer treatment that blocks vascular endothelial growth factor receptors. In the UK, it is licensed for certain adults with advanced renal cell carcinoma, a type of kidney cancer.
Tizanidine hydrochloride is a centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant. It reduces excessive muscle tone and painful spasms caused by certain spinal, neurological or musculoskeletal conditions.
Tobramycin kills susceptible bacteria. Inhaled formulations mainly manage chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection in cystic fibrosis; injection treats serious susceptible infections.
Tobramycin sulfate is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used mainly for serious infections caused by susceptible bacteria. The selected injection is administered by a healthcare professional and requires careful monitoring because it can affect kidney function, hearing and balance.
Tocilizumab is a biological treatment that blocks inflammatory signalling through the interleukin-6 receptor. It is used for several inflammatory arthritic conditions and, with an appropriate intravenous product, severe cytokine release syndrome and certain hospitalised adults with COVID-19.
Tocofersolan is a water-miscible form of vitamin E designed to improve absorption when fats are poorly absorbed. It is used for vitamin E deficiency in children with congenital or hereditary chronic cholestasis.
Tofacitinib citrate is an oral Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor that reduces immune signalling involved in inflammation. Specialists prescribe and supervise it for selected inflammatory joint and bowel conditions when previous treatments have not worked or were unsuitable.
Tolbutamide is a sulfonylurea tablet that increases insulin release from functioning pancreatic beta cells. It is licensed for type 2 diabetes when dietary measures alone have not provided adequate control.
Tolcapone is a COMT inhibitor used alongside levodopa for Parkinson’s disease. Because it can cause serious liver injury, it is reserved for motor fluctuations when other COMT inhibitors have not worked or cannot be tolerated.
Tolnaftate is a topical antifungal used on the skin. The selected spray treats athlete’s foot and helps prevent it recurring.
Tolterodine tartrate is an antimuscarinic that reduces involuntary bladder contractions. It relieves urgency, frequent urination and leakage associated with overactive bladder.
Tolvaptan is a vasopressin V2-receptor antagonist used for selected adults with rapidly progressing autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). It increases water excretion and can slow kidney-cyst growth and loss of kidney function, but it does not cure ADPKD.
Topiramate is an antiseizure treatment that reduces abnormal nerve activity in the brain. It is licensed for forms of epilepsy and for preventing migraine in adults; it does not treat a migraine attack already under way.
Topotecan is a cytotoxic chemotherapy that interferes with DNA replication in dividing cells. Selected intravenous and oral products are licensed for certain relapsed or advanced ovarian, small-cell lung and cervical cancers.
Torasemide is a loop diuretic that makes the kidneys remove more salt and water into the urine. It is used to reduce oedema associated with heart failure or liver, lung or kidney disease.
Toremifene citrate is a selective oestrogen receptor modulator used as endocrine treatment for hormone-dependent breast cancer. Its licensed role is first-line treatment of metastatic disease in postmenopausal patients.
Trabectedin is a cytotoxic anticancer treatment that interferes with tumour-cell DNA and transcription. In the UK it is licensed for certain adults with advanced soft tissue sarcoma and, with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin, relapsed platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer.
Tralokinumab is a biological treatment that targets interleukin-13, an immune-system protein involved in atopic dermatitis. It is used for moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis in adults and adolescents aged 12 years and over who are candidates for systemic treatment.
Trametinib is a targeted anticancer treatment supplied as trametinib dimethyl sulfoxide. It blocks MEK proteins in the BRAF–MEK–ERK growth pathway and is used for selected BRAF-mutated cancers, often with dabrafenib.
Trandolapril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. It is used to lower high blood pressure and to support the heart when its pumping function is reduced after a heart attack.
Tranexamic acid is an antifibrinolytic that reduces bleeding by helping formed blood clots remain in place. It is used for heavy menstrual bleeding and, in hospital or specialist care, bleeding associated with excessive fibrinolysis.
Tranylcypromine sulfate is an irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) antidepressant. In the selected UK product, it is licensed for major depressive episodes in adults when other types of antidepressant have failed.
Trastuzumab is a targeted monoclonal antibody for cancers that overexpress or amplify HER2. Selected UK products treat HER2-positive breast cancer; the intravenous formulation also treats certain metastatic stomach or gastro-oesophageal junction cancers.
Trastuzumab emtansine combines a HER2-targeting antibody with the cell-killing agent DM1. It treats selected HER2-positive early or advanced breast cancers, usually after previous HER2-targeted and taxane treatment.
Travoprost is a prostaglandin analogue eye drop that increases fluid drainage from the eye. It is used to lower raised pressure in ocular hypertension and glaucoma, helping to protect the optic nerve from further pressure-related damage.
Trazodone hydrochloride is a prescription antidepressant that affects serotonin signalling and can cause sleepiness. Selected products are licensed for depression, including depression accompanied by anxiety; some capsule products are also licensed for anxiety and mixed anxiety with depression.
Treosulfan is an alkylating chemotherapy used to prepare the bone marrow and immune system for a donor stem cell transplant. In the selected UK product, it is used with fludarabine for adults and children older than one month with malignant or non-malignant diseases.
Treprostinil sodium is a prostacyclin analogue that widens blood vessels and affects platelet function. In the selected UK product, it is used by continuous infusion for idiopathic or heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension with NYHA functional class III symptoms, aiming to improve symptoms and exercise tolerance.
Tretinoin is an oral retinoid related to vitamin A. In the selected UK product, it is used with arsenic trioxide or chemotherapy to treat acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL), including newly diagnosed, relapsed or treatment-resistant disease.
Tucatinib is a targeted anti-cancer treatment that blocks HER2 signalling. In the UK, it is used with trastuzumab and capecitabine for certain adults with previously treated HER2-positive locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer.
Turoctocog alfa pegol is a long-acting recombinant factor VIII replacement for haemophilia A. It is used to prevent and treat bleeding in people of all ages and may support bleeding control around surgery.
Typhoid vaccine stimulates immunity against typhoid fever caused by Salmonella Typhi. The selected product is a non-live injectable Vi polysaccharide vaccine, usually used for people at risk through travel or other exposure. Vaccination does not protect everyone, so careful food, water and hand hygiene remain important.