How does the metformin component of dapagliflozin/metformin (Xigduo) lower blood glucose?

Metformin in Xigduo lowers basal and post-meal glucose without stimulating insulin secretion or causing hypoglycaemia; it may inhibit hepatic gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis, modestly improve insulin sensitivity and muscle glucose uptake/use, and delay intestinal glucose absorption, while stimulating glycogen synthesis and increasing GLUT-1/GLUT-4 transport capacity.