What initial investigations should be conducted for a patient presenting with chronic pelvic pain to rule out serious underlying conditions?
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
clinical q&a library
Explore a database of clinical questions answered by iatroX, referencing established clinical guidelines, SmPCs, and peer-reviewed literature.
How can I effectively counsel patients with a PFO regarding their risk of recurrent stroke and the need for follow-up?
Counseling patients with a patent foramen ovale (PFO) regarding their risk of recurrent stroke and the need for follow-up involves clear communicatio...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What role do anticoagulants play in the management of patients with a PFO and a history of stroke?
Anticoagulants are not routinely recommended solely for the management of patients with a patent foramen ovale (PFO) and a history of stroke. The use of anti...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
How should I manage a patient with a PFO who has had a transient ischaemic attack (TIA) or stroke?
Management of a patient with a patent foramen ovale (PFO) who has experienced a transient ischaemic attack (TIA) or stroke involves a compre...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the recommended diagnostic criteria for identifying a patent foramen ovale (PFO) in patients who have experienced a stroke?
Recommended diagnostic criteria for identifying a patent foramen ovale (PFO) in patients who have experienced a stroke focus primarily on im...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
When should I consider referring a patient with Parvovirus B19 infection for specialist evaluation?
Consider referring a patient with Parvovirus B19 infection for specialist evaluation if they are pregnant, particularly in the first or second trimes...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the potential complications of Parvovirus B19 infection in patients with underlying hemolytic disorders?
Potential complications of Parvovirus B19 infection in patients with underlying hemolytic disorders primarily include transient aplastic cri...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What non-pharmacological interventions are effective in managing symptoms of parkinsonism in primary care?
Effective non-pharmacological interventions for managing symptoms of parkinsonism in primary care include:Parkinson's disease nurse speci...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
When should I consider referring a patient with parkinsonism to a neurologist for further evaluation?
Consider referring a patient with parkinsonism to a neurologist for further evaluation if:They present with symptoms suggestive ...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the current guidelines for the pharmacological management of patients with newly diagnosed Parkinson's disease?
Offer levodopa to people in the early stages of Parkinson's disease whose motor symptoms impact on their quality of life. 1Consider a choic...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
Which investigations are recommended to confirm a diagnosis of parkinsonism in a patient presenting with bradykinesia and rigidity?
Recommended investigations to confirm a diagnosis of parkinsonism in a patient presenting with bradykinesia and rigidity:Diagnos...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the key clinical features that differentiate Parkinson's disease from other forms of parkinsonism?
Key clinical features differentiating Parkinson's disease (PD) from other forms of parkinsonism include:Asymmetry of mot...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
How should I manage a patient with an ABG showing severe hypoxemia and hypercapnia?
Management of a patient with severe hypoxemia and hypercapnia on arterial blood gas:Assess the patient urgently for the need for...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the indications for performing an ABG in a patient presenting with acute shortness of breath?
Indications for performing arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis in a patient presenting with acute shortness of breath include:Asse...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
How can I differentiate between metabolic acidosis and respiratory acidosis using ABG values?
To differentiate between metabolic acidosis and respiratory acidosis using arterial blood gas (ABG) values, focus primarily on the pH, partial pressure of ca...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the common metabolic complications associated with long-term total parenteral nutrition, and how can they be prevented?
Long-term total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is associated with several common metabolic complications including electrolyte imbalances, hyperglycaemia, liver ...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
When should I consider referring a patient for specialist assessment regarding their need for parenteral nutrition?
Consider referring a patient for specialist assessment regarding their need for parenteral nutrition if they are malnourished or at risk of malnutrition and ...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the recommended guidelines for transitioning a patient from parenteral nutrition to enteral feeding?
Parenteral nutrition should be introduced progressively and closely monitored, usually starting at no more than 50% of estimated needs for the first 24 to 48...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
How should I monitor a patient receiving total parenteral nutrition for potential complications?
Monitoring a patient receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for potential complications involves regular clinical and biochemical assessments to detect m...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the key indications for initiating parenteral nutrition in adult patients?
Parenteral nutrition should be considered in adult patients who are malnourished or at risk of malnutrition as defined in recommendations 1....
22 Aug 2025View Answer →