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Pulmonary histoplasmosis — SCE Respiratory MCQ

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HardRespiratory InfectionsPulmonary histoplasmosisSCE Respiratory

A 34-year-old woman returns from a caving trip with fever, cough and bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy. CT shows diffuse small nodules and urine antigen is positive for Histoplasma. She is immunocompetent but hypoxaemic with diffuse pulmonary infiltrates. What is the most appropriate management?

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Correct answer: AItraconazole or amphotericin depending severity after infectious diseases review

Pulmonary histoplasmosis with hypoxaemia and diffuse infiltrates requires antifungal management guided by severity and specialist input. Sarcoidosis is a mimic, but a positive Histoplasma antigen and travel exposure make steroid monotherapy hazardous. TB treatment and allergic asthma biologic therapy do not treat this endemic fungal infection.

Reference: IDSA Histoplasmosis guidance; BNF