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Stratified Analysis — SCE Medical Oncology MCQ

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ModerateClinical Trials & StatisticsStratified AnalysisSCE Medical Oncology

A phase III trial uses overall survival as the primary endpoint. The trial uses a stratified log-rank test. Why is stratification important in the primary analysis?

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Correct answer: A — It accounts for prespecified prognostic strata

A stratified log-rank analysis accounts for prespecified prognostic factors used in trial design, improving precision and preserving the intended comparison. Strata and the analysis method must be specified in advance; post-hoc selection risks biased inference. Stratification complements rather than replaces randomisation.

Reference: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/conditions-and-diseases/cancer