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Familial hypercholesterolaemia — SCE Endocrinology MCQ

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ModerateObesity/LipidsFamilial hypercholesterolaemiaSCE Endocrinology

A 47-year-old man has LDL cholesterol 7.8 mmol/L, tendon xanthomata and premature coronary disease in his father. Triglycerides are 1.4 mmol/L and TSH is normal. What is the most appropriate next investigation?

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Correct answer: DGenetic testing and cascade screening for familial hypercholesterolaemia

Very high LDL cholesterol with tendon xanthomata and family history strongly suggests familial hypercholesterolaemia; genetic confirmation supports cascade screening. Secondary causes should be excluded, but the phenotype here is compelling. The pearl is that diagnosing FH protects relatives, not just the index patient.

Reference: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/conditions-and-diseases/diabetes-and-other-endocrinal-nutritional-and-metabolic-conditions