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Polyarteritis nodosa — SCE Rheumatology MCQ

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HardVasculitisPolyarteritis nodosaSCE Rheumatology

A patient has fever, weight loss, livedo reticularis, testicular pain, mononeuritis multiplex and renal and mesenteric microaneurysms without red-cell casts. What is the diagnosis?

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Correct answer: B — Polyarteritis nodosa

Medium-artery microaneurysms, painful ischaemic systemic features and mononeuritis multiplex without glomerulonephritis support polyarteritis nodosa. The ANCA-associated small-vessel vasculitides more often produce glomerular capillaritis.

Reference: EULAR recommendations for management of primary small- and medium-vessel vasculitis (Published 2009): https://ard.bmj.com/content/68/3/310; 2025 BSR management recommendations for ANCA-associated vasculitis (Published June 2025): https://academic.oup.com/rheumatology/article/64/8/4470/8160140