Oropouche fever — DTM&H MCQ

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ModerateTropical viral infectionsOropouche feverDTM&H

Several residents of an Amazonian town develop abrupt fever, headache and myalgia. Biting midges are abundant after heavy rain, and dengue testing is negative. What is the most likely diagnosis?

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Correct answer: E — Oropouche fever

Oropouche fever is the single best answer because Oropouche virus causes febrile outbreaks in tropical South America and is commonly associated with biting midges. Yellow fever is plausible in a related presentation, but it is less appropriate because it does not fit the key discriminator in this vignette. The teaching point is that clinical overlap with dengue makes epidemiology and laboratory testing important.

Reference: WHO disease outbreak guidance; UKHSA travel-associated infection guidance; CDC Yellow Book 2026