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Mayaro virus — DTM&H MCQ

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ModerateTropical viral infectionsMayaro virusDTM&H

A forest worker in the Amazon develops fever, rash and disabling arthralgia after mosquito exposure. Dengue tests are negative and symptoms resemble chikungunya. What is the most likely diagnosis?

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Correct answer: E — Mayaro virus infection

Mayaro virus infection is the single best answer because Mayaro is an alphavirus in parts of South America causing chikungunya-like fever and arthralgia. Yellow fever is plausible in a related presentation, but it is less appropriate because it does not fit the key discriminator in this vignette. The teaching point is that arboviral diagnosis often depends on geography, vector exposure and targeted testing.

Reference: WHO disease outbreak guidance; UKHSA travel-associated infection guidance; CDC Yellow Book 2026