Ectodermal Dysplasia Oral Features — MFDS Part 1 MCQ
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Correct answer: C — Oligodontia, conical teeth, and reduced salivary flow
The correct answer is C. Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia characteristically affects ectoderm-derived structures, including teeth and exocrine glands. Its oral phenotype commonly includes marked hypodontia or oligodontia and abnormal tooth morphology, particularly small, conical anterior teeth. Salivary-gland hypoplasia or dysfunction may also cause reduced salivary flow, although this is variable rather than universal. Supernumerary teeth and macrodontia are not characteristic. Enamel defects can occur in some ectodermal dysplasias, but a normal tooth number with isolated generalised enamel hypoplasia is not the classic phenotype. Multiple odontomas and gingival enlargement suggest other conditions, while parotid enlargement and sialorrhoea are contrary to the possible glandular hypoplasia and oral dryness.
Reference: Bergendal B. Orodental manifestations in ectodermal dysplasia—a review. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A. 2014;164A:2465–2471. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24719393/