Turner Syndrome Dental Features — MFDS Part 1 MCQ

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ModerateHuman DiseaseTurner Syndrome Dental FeaturesMFDS Part 1

Which combination of craniofacial skeletal and dental findings is most characteristic of Turner syndrome (45,X)?

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Correct answer: B — Flattened cranial base, small retrognathic jaws, and reduced tooth crown widths

Turner syndrome is associated with reduced craniofacial growth. Cephalometric studies describe a flattened cranial base with small, retrognathic and often posteriorly inclined jaws. The dental phenotype includes reduced mesiodistal crown dimensions in both primary and permanent teeth. Therefore, A is the best combination. Mandibular or bimaxillary prognathism is the opposite of the usual retrognathic pattern, excluding B and C. Generalized macrodontia is also inconsistent with the characteristic reduction in tooth dimensions, excluding B and D. Bilateral condylar hyperplasia is not a recognised characteristic association, and dental development in Turner syndrome has more often been reported as advanced or variable rather than characteristically delayed, excluding E.

Reference: Rizell S. Dentofacial morphology in Turner syndrome karyotypes. Swedish Dental Journal Supplement. 2012;225:7–98. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22834215/