Root Morphology — MFDS Part 1 MCQ

Correct answer: E — Maxillary first premolar

The **maxillary first premolar** is the best answer. It is most commonly two-rooted, with separate buccal and palatal roots, although single-rooted and rare three-rooted forms occur. Systematic-review data indicate that two-rooted anatomy is slightly more prevalent than single-rooted anatomy overall. The maxillary central and lateral incisors are normally single-rooted. The mandibular canine is also predominantly single-rooted, although an uncommon two-rooted variant exists. Similarly, the mandibular second premolar is overwhelmingly single-rooted. The wording “most commonly” accommodates recognised anatomical variation while leaving option E as the single best answer.

Reference: Xu M et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of root morphology and canal configuration of permanent premolars using cone-beam computed tomography. BMC Oral Health. 2024. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38835024/