Periodontal Disease Risk Factors — MFDS Part 1 MCQ

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ModeratePeriodontology PrinciplesPeriodontal Disease Risk FactorsMFDS Part 1

In an adult with plaque-induced periodontitis, which of the following is a well-established, dose-related risk factor associated with a poorer response to periodontal treatment and an increased likelihood of tooth loss?

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Correct answer: B — Smoking

Smoking is the correct answer. It is a well-established risk factor for periodontitis, with a dose-related effect; smokers respond less favourably to periodontal treatment and have a greater likelihood of tooth loss. Inadequate plaque control is central to plaque-induced periodontal inflammation, but the stem asks for the characteristic dose-related risk modifier associated with impaired treatment response. Suboptimally controlled diabetes also increases periodontitis risk and impairs healing, but it is not the factor described by this combination of features. Genetic susceptibility or family history is relevant but non-modifiable. Stress has a possible association with periodontitis, although SDCEP considers the supporting evidence limited.

Reference: Scottish Dental Clinical Effectiveness Programme (SDCEP). Prevention and Treatment of Periodontal Diseases in Primary Care, 2nd edition, section 2.2.1: Systemic risk factors. November 2025. https://www.periodontalcare.sdcep.org.uk/media/vjgfn5ak/sdcep-prevention-and-treatment-of-periodontal-diseases-in-primary-care-2nd-edition-nov-2025.pdf