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Atopic Eczema — SCE Dermatology MCQ

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HardInflammatory DermatosesAtopic EczemaSCE Dermatology

A child with severe early atopic eczema has a heterozygous loss-of-function FLG variant. Which biochemical consequence most directly explains increased transepidermal water loss?

Educational content. Not a substitute for clinical judgement or local policy.

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Correct answer: CReduced hygroscopic amino acids within natural moisturising factor

Explanation lettering: D = shown as A · E = shown as B · B = shown as D · A = shown as E

C is correct. Profilaggrin is processed to filaggrin, which bundles keratin during cornification and is then degraded into hygroscopic amino acids and derivatives, including pyrrolidone carboxylic and urocanic acids. These contribute to natural moisturising factor, water retention and the acidic stratum-corneum environment. FLG loss therefore impairs barrier hydration and facilitates allergen penetration. Sebaceous glands do not supply filaggrin-dependent ceramide secretion; type VII collagen is an anchoring-fibril protein; melanosome transfer governs pigmentation; and dermal fibroblast glycosaminoglycans are not the direct FLG pathway. The item tests the terminal-differentiation mechanism linking genotype to barrier phenotype.

Reference: British Journal of Dermatology review of filaggrin and the skin barrier: https://academic.oup.com/bjd/article/186/3/544/6705854