Port Wine Stain — SCE Dermatology MCQ

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ModerateDermatological SurgeryPort Wine StainSCE Dermatology

A 4-year-old boy presents with a congenital port wine stain on his left cheek and forehead. The parents ask about treatment. What is the gold-standard laser treatment for port wine stains?

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Correct answer: E — Pulsed dye laser (PDL) at 585-595 nm

Pulsed dye laser (PDL) at 585-595 nm is the gold standard for treating port wine stains. It targets oxyhaemoglobin (selective photothermolysis), causing thermal destruction of the abnormal capillaries while sparing surrounding tissue. Treatment is started in infancy/early childhood when the lesion is thinner and more responsive. Multiple sessions (typically 6-12+) are required. Response is best on the face (especially central face); lateral and limb lesions respond less well. Over time, port wine stains darken, thicken, and may develop nodularity (pyogenic granuloma-like), making early treatment important. Risks include scarring, dyspigmentation, and incomplete clearance.

Reference: BAD 2023 Patient Information; NICE IPG