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MSU Crystal Identification — SCE Rheumatology MCQ

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EasyCrystal ArthropathyMSU Crystal IdentificationSCE Rheumatology

A 38-year-old man presents with acute monoarthritis. Synovial fluid examined using compensated polarised light microscopy contains needle-shaped crystals showing strong negative birefringence. Which crystal has been identified?

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Correct answer: EMonosodium urate

The crystals are monosodium urate (MSU), making C correct. MSU crystals are typically slender and needle-shaped and show strong negative birefringence under compensated polarised light microscopy; in this clinical setting, their identification confirms gout. Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals are usually rhomboid or short rod-shaped and weakly positively birefringent. Basic calcium phosphate crystals are generally too small to be resolved by routine polarised light microscopy. Calcium oxalate crystals are typically bipyramidal or envelope-shaped and positively birefringent, while cholesterol crystals form larger plate-like structures with notched corners. Detection of MSU crystals does not, however, exclude concurrent septic arthritis if infection remains clinically suspected.

Reference: Berendsen D, et al. Crystal identification of synovial fluid aspiration by polarized light microscopy. Clinical Rheumatology. 2017;36:641–647. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27837341/