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Systemic Sclerosis — SCE Rheumatology MCQ

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HardMusculoskeletal ImagingSystemic SclerosisSCE Rheumatology

A woman with systemic sclerosis undergoes nailfold videocapillaroscopy. The findings are to be classified using the early, active and late systemic-sclerosis patterns. Which constellation most specifically identifies the late pattern rather than the early or active pattern?

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Reveal the answer and explanation

Correct answer: ASevere capillary loss with large avascular areas, architectural disorganisation and ramified or bushy neoangiogenic capillaries

Explanation lettering: E = shown as B · B = shown as C · C = shown as D · D = shown as E

The correct answer is A. The late systemic-sclerosis capillaroscopic pattern reflects advanced microangiopathy: severe capillary loss produces avascular areas, the normal array becomes markedly disorganised, and ramified or bushy capillaries appear through abnormal neoangiogenesis. Frequent giant capillaries and microhaemorrhages with only moderate capillary loss (D) are more characteristic of the active pattern. In the early pattern (E), giant capillaries and a few haemorrhages occur while capillary density and overall architecture remain relatively preserved. Isolated tortuosity or crossing loops (B) is non-specific, while uniform dilatation without giant capillaries, haemorrhage or capillary loss (C) does not define a recognised late systemic-sclerosis pattern.

Reference: Cutolo M, Sulli A, Pizzorni C, Accardo S. Nailfold videocapillaroscopy assessment of microvascular damage in systemic sclerosis. Journal of Rheumatology. 2000;27:155–160. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10648032/