Pericardial Effusion

Investigation and management of fluid around the heart.

Reviewed by Dr Kola Tytler MBBS CertHE MBA MSt MRCGP (General Practitioner)

Last reviewed: 21 October 2025

Cardiology

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Clinical Guidelines

2015 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of pericardial diseases

2015 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of pericardial diseases

2015 ESC Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Pericardial Diseases

2015 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of pericardial diseases

2015 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of pericardial diseases

2022 ACC/AHA Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Aortic Disease

2025 Concise Clinical Guidance: An ACC Expert Consensus Statement on the Evaluation and Management of Pericardial Diseases