Possible causes include dental problems such as caries, periodontal disease, tooth abscess, and wisdom tooth eruption, as well as temporomandibular disorders NICE CKS.
Other causes include sinusitis and problems affecting the salivary glands, such as inflammation, infection, or obstruction NICE CKS,NICE CKS.
Headache disorders—including migraine, tension-type headache, cluster headache, and medication-overuse headache—and neuralgias, including trigeminal neuralgia and post-herpetic neuralgia, may cause facial pain NICE CKS.
Ear conditions and infections, including otitis, mastoiditis, mumps, and shingles, are also possible causes NICE CKS.
Less common or important causes include giant cell arteritis, autoimmune disorders, jaw osteonecrosis, facial or jaw infections, and neoplasms NICE CKS,NICE CKS.