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Treatment for ADHD

Guideline-aligned answer with reasoning, red flags and references. Clinically reviewed by Dr Kola Tytler MBBS CertHE MBA MSt MRCGP.

Posted: 29 September 2026Updated: 29 September 2026 Guideline-Aligned (High Confidence) Clinically Reviewed

Treatment is tailored to age and functional impairment and is initiated and coordinated by an ADHD specialist.

  • Preschool children: Offer an ADHD-focused group parent-training programme first. If significant impairment persists after environmental modifications, seek advice from a specialist service experienced in young children; medication may then be considered.
  • School-age children and young people: Offer education and support for parents, carers and/or the young person, parenting strategies, and liaison with education settings where consent is given. If significant impairment persists after environmental modifications, methylphenidate is usually the first-line medication; lisdexamfetamine, dexamfetamine or atomoxetine are alternatives when appropriate. Consider CBT for young people who benefit from medication but remain significantly impaired.
  • Adults: Medication is usually offered when significant impairment persists after environmental modifications, with lisdexamfetamine or methylphenidate usually first-line and dexamfetamine or atomoxetine possible alternatives. Psychological treatment may be considered alongside medication.

Across age groups: Recommend a balanced diet and regular exercise; do not routinely advise eliminating artificial colourings or additives. Once specialist-initiated medication is titrated, prescribing and monitoring may continue in primary care under a locally agreed shared-care arrangement.

Educational content only. Always verify information and use clinical judgement.