What are the recommended surveillance protocols for patients with Neurofibromatosis to monitor for complications?

Guideline-aligned answer with reasoning, red flags and references. Clinically reviewed by Dr Kola Tytler MBBS CertHE MBA MRCGP.

Posted: 22 August 2025Updated: 22 August 2025 Guideline-Aligned (High Confidence) Clinically Reviewed
Dr Kola Tytler MBBS CertHE MBA MRCGPClinical Lead • iatroX

Recommended surveillance protocols for patients with Neurofibromatosis to monitor for complications include:

  • Regular clinical review to assess for neurological, cognitive, and psychological changes, given the risk of brain tumours and other neurological complications associated with Neurofibromatosis .
  • Imaging surveillance such as MRI is preferred over CT scans for brain monitoring, especially in younger patients, to detect tumours or complications early ,.
  • Assessment and monitoring for late effects of any cranial radiotherapy received, including screening for cataracts, cognitive decline, epilepsy, hearing loss, hypopituitarism, neuropathy, secondary tumours, and stroke-like events .
  • Regular endocrine function tests if there is a history of radiotherapy affecting the pituitary gland .
  • Referral for ophthalmological assessment if there is risk of visual impairment and audiology assessment if there is risk of hearing loss .
  • Monitoring for urinary tract complications if neurogenic bladder dysfunction is present, including symptom awareness and use of urodynamic studies in high-risk patients .
  • Encouragement of healthy lifestyle measures to reduce stroke risk, including blood pressure, HbA1c, and cholesterol monitoring in those at risk .

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