What are the key clinical features to consider when assessing a patient for vulval cancer?

Guideline-aligned answer with reasoning, red flags and references. Clinically reviewed by Dr Kola Tytler MBBS CertHE MBA MRCGP.

Posted: 22 August 2025 Guideline-Aligned (High Confidence) Clinically Reviewed
Dr Kola Tytler MBBS CertHE MBA MRCGPClinical Lead • iatroX

When assessing a patient for vulval cancer, the key clinical features to consider include:

  • Unexplained vulval lump – any new or persistent lump on the vulva should raise suspicion.
  • Unexplained vulval ulceration – ulcers on the vulva that do not heal or have no clear cause are important to note.
  • Unexplained vulval bleeding – bleeding from the vulva without an obvious cause is a significant symptom.

These features warrant consideration for a suspected cancer pathway referral to ensure timely specialist assessment and management.

These recommendations are based on the NICE guideline NG12 on suspected cancer recognition and referral.

Educational content only. Always verify information and use clinical judgement.