How should I differentiate between a tension pneumothorax and other causes of acute respiratory distress in a patient?

Guideline-aligned answer with reasoning, red flags and references. Clinically reviewed by Dr Kola Tytler MBBS CertHE MBA MRCGP.

Posted: 22 August 2025Updated: 22 August 2025 Guideline-Aligned (High Confidence) Clinically Reviewed
Dr Kola Tytler MBBS CertHE MBA MRCGPClinical Lead • iatroX

Differentiating between a tension pneumothorax and other causes of acute respiratory distress in a patient requires a prompt and thorough clinical assessment .

A tension pneumothorax is a critical, life-threatening cause of acute respiratory distress, particularly relevant in patients who have experienced major trauma . The assessment and initial management protocols for major trauma specifically address the identification and management of such severe conditions .

Acute respiratory distress itself can arise from a wide array of underlying pathologies, necessitating a comprehensive evaluation to determine the specific cause .

Therefore, while specific clinical signs for differentiation are not detailed in the provided context, the overarching principle involves a rapid clinical assessment to distinguish a tension pneumothorax from other causes of acute respiratory distress, especially in a trauma setting .

Educational content only. Always verify information and use clinical judgement.