What are the key clinical features to consider when diagnosing spondylolisthesis in a patient presenting with lower back pain?

When considering spondylolisthesis in a patient presenting with lower back pain, the provided UK guidelines offer general principles for assessing low back pain but do not detail specific clinical features for diagnosing spondylolisthesis ²,¹. The NICE guideline on low back pain and sciatica emphasizes the importance of a thorough assessment, including history and examination, to identify potential serious spinal pathology ². While the literature highlights that spondylolisthesis can lead to pain and impact quality of life, the provided context from a case study does not specify diagnostic clinical features (Fedorchuk et al., 2022). Therefore, based on the provided information, a comprehensive assessment for low back pain, as outlined in general guidelines, is crucial, but specific clinical features for spondylolisthesis are not detailed ².