How can I differentiate between atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter on an ECG?

A 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) is the standard tool used to diagnose atrial fibrillation (AF) ¹. Similarly, an electrocardiographic approach is employed for atrial flutter (AFL), which includes its differential diagnosis (Bagliani et al., 2022). While both conditions are diagnosed via ECG, the provided information does not detail the specific ECG characteristics that differentiate atrial fibrillation from atrial flutter. It is important to note that the CHA₂DS₂-VASc stroke risk score is used to assess stroke risk in people with either symptomatic or asymptomatic paroxysmal, persistent, or permanent atrial fibrillation, as well as atrial flutter ¹.