What are the indications for referral to a toxicology specialist in cases of suspected overdose?

Guideline-aligned answer with reasoning, red flags and references. Clinically reviewed by Dr Kola Tytler MBBS CertHE MBA MRCGP.

Posted: 17 August 2025 Guideline-Aligned (High Confidence) Clinically Reviewed
Dr Kola Tytler MBBS CertHE MBA MRCGPClinical Lead • iatroX

Referral to a toxicology specialist, typically via the National Poisons Information Service (NPIS), is indicated for severe or complex cases of suspected overdose . This includes situations involving multiple ingestions .

Additionally, referral is advised for people with significant comorbidities . Cases where the specific poison is unknown also warrant consultation with the NPIS . The NPIS provides information and advice to NHS staff to assist in deciding whether a person needs admission or can be managed at home, and offers advice on hospital management for those requiring admission . The service is available 24 hours a day and is supported by a team of on-call consultant clinical toxicologists .

Educational content only. Always verify information and use clinical judgement.