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iatroX Rounds #33

Sunday, 26 July 2026·Rheumatologymoderate

The clues

  1. 1

    A 52-year-old woman presents with a three-month history of progressive difficulty rising from a low chair and climbing stairs.

  2. 2

    She also describes difficulty lifting her arms to wash her hair or reach for items on high shelves.

  3. 3

    She reports a persistent reddish-purple rash on her eyelids and cheeks that is aggravated by sunlight.

  4. 4

    Examination reveals violet discolouration of the upper eyelids and scaly, erythematous papules over the knuckles of both hands.

  5. 5

    Initial blood tests show a significantly elevated creatine kinase level of 4500 U/L and a positive anti-Mi-2 antibody screen.

  6. 6

    Muscle biopsy demonstrates perimysial inflammation and characteristic perifascicular atrophy.

the diagnosis
Dermatomyositis

Dermatomyositis is an idiopathic inflammatory myopathy characterized by symmetrical, proximal muscle weakness and distinct cutaneous features. It often occurs as a paraneoplastic syndrome, necessitating a search for underlying malignancy in adult patients.

  • Symmetrical proximal muscle weakness
  • Heliotrope rash (periorbital violet discolouration)
  • Gottron's papules over the knuckles
  • Elevated creatine kinase
pearl. Gottron's papules and the heliotrope rash are pathognomonic skin signs that distinguish this condition from polymyositis.

more Rheumatology rounds

A 30-year-old man of Turkish descent presents with a one-year history of painful, recurrent ulcers in his mouth that take two weeks to heal.#52A 26-year-old woman presents with persistent fatigue, malaise and occasional episodes of lightheadedness when standing.#51A 34-year-old woman presents to her GP with a six-month history of a swollen, painful right index finger and stiffness in her lower back.#43A 32-year-old woman presents with pain and swelling in her left calf following a short domestic flight.#36

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