What are the referral criteria for a patient with nipple discharge that raises suspicion for malignancy?
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
clinical q&a library
Explore a database of clinical questions answered by iatroX, referencing established clinical guidelines, SmPCs, and peer-reviewed literature.
Which investigations should be considered for a patient presenting with unilateral nipple discharge?
Investigations for unilateral nipple discharge should include:Clinical breast examination to assess for any pal...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the key clinical features that differentiate physiological from pathological nipple discharge?
Key clinical features differentiating physiological from pathological nipple discharge include the nature, laterality, and associated symptoms of the...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What follow-up protocols should I implement for patients with resolved neutropenia?
For patients who have experienced and resolved neutropenia, follow-up protocols should include a thorough clinical reassessment to evaluate the patient's ris...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
How should I manage a patient with neutropenia who is at risk of infection?
Management of a patient with neutropenia at risk of infection involves:Immediate assessment and referral: Suspe...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the indications for referring a patient with neutropenia to a specialist?
Indications for referring a patient with neutropenia to a specialist include:Suspected neutropenic sepsis in patients undergoing...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What initial investigations should I perform for a patient presenting with neutropenia?
For a patient presenting with neutropenia, the initial investigations should include a full blood count to confirm neutropenia and assess other cell lines, k...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What post-operative care should I provide for patients after neurosurgery to ensure optimal recovery?
Post-operative care after neurosurgery should include:Monitoring and managing hydrocephalus: Assess for acute o...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
Which imaging modalities are most effective in diagnosing conditions that may require neurosurgical intervention?
For diagnosing conditions that may require neurosurgical intervention, MRI is the most effective imaging modality due to its superior soft t...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What pre-operative assessments are necessary for patients undergoing neurosurgery for spinal disorders?
Pre-operative assessment for patients undergoing neurosurgery for spinal disorders requires a comprehensive multidisciplinary approach to optimise surgical o...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
How should I manage a patient presenting with acute neurological deficits that may require surgical intervention?
Initial management of a patient presenting with acute neurological deficits potentially requiring surgical intervention involves urgent assessment an...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the indications for referring a patient with suspected brain tumours to neurosurgery?
Indications for referring a patient with suspected brain tumours to neurosurgery include:Suspected glioma identified on imaging,...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What follow-up protocols should be in place for patients treated for brain tumours to monitor for recurrence?
Follow-up protocols for patients treated for brain tumours should include regular clinical reviews and appropriate imaging to monitor for recurrence 1...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
How should I manage a patient with newly diagnosed glioblastoma in terms of supportive care and symptom management?
Supportive care and symptom management for a patient with newly diagnosed glioblastoma should include:Assign a named hea...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the referral criteria for a patient with suspected brain or spinal cord tumours to a neuro-oncology specialist?
Referral criteria for suspected brain or spinal cord tumours to a neuro-oncology specialist:Consider an urgent referral for adul...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
Which imaging modalities are recommended for the initial investigation of suspected neuro-oncological conditions?
Recommended imaging modalities for initial investigation of suspected neuro-oncological conditions:For suspected glioma, offer s...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the key clinical features that should raise suspicion for a brain or spinal cord tumour in a primary care setting?
Key clinical features raising suspicion for a brain tumour in primary care include:New onset or worsening neurological symptoms ...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
When should I consider referring a patient with suspected NMOSD to a specialist for further evaluation?
Consider referring a patient with suspected neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) to a specialist for further evaluation when:...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
How should I approach the long-term management and monitoring of a patient diagnosed with NMOSD?
Long-term management and monitoring of a patient diagnosed with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) should focus on preventing relapses, managing ...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
Which diagnostic tests are essential for confirming a diagnosis of NMOSD in primary care?
Essential diagnostic tests for confirming neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) in primary care are not typically performed directly in this...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →