How can I differentiate between patients who would benefit from CPAP versus BiPAP in the management of respiratory distress?
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
clinical q&a library
Explore a database of clinical questions answered by iatroX, referencing established clinical guidelines, SmPCs, and peer-reviewed literature.
What are the indications for initiating non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in patients with acute respiratory failure?
Indications for initiating non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in patients with acute respiratory failure include:Presence of hyperca...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
How can I effectively communicate with parents or guardians when there are concerns about non-accidental injury?
Effectively communicating with parents or guardians when there are concerns about non-accidental injury involves several key steps:...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What documentation and reporting procedures should I follow when I suspect a case of non-accidental injury?
Record in the child's clinical record exactly what is observed and heard from whom and when, and why this is of concern. At this point, consider, suspect or ...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the referral criteria for suspected non-accidental injury to child protection services or paediatric specialists?
Referral to child protection services or paediatric specialists should be considered if there is suspicion of child maltreatment based on specific injury pat...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
How should I approach the initial assessment of a child with suspected non-accidental injury in a primary care setting?
In the initial assessment of a child with suspected non-accidental injury, it is important to listen and observe, gathering information from various sources ...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the key clinical signs and symptoms that may indicate a non-accidental injury in children?
Suspect child maltreatment if a child has bruising in the shape of a hand, ligature, stick, teeth mark, grip or implement 1....
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the referral criteria for a patient with nipple discharge that raises suspicion for malignancy?
Referral criteria for nipple discharge suspicious of malignancy:Refer patients aged 50 and over presenting with nipple changes o...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
Which investigations should be considered for a patient presenting with unilateral nipple discharge?
Investigations for unilateral nipple discharge should include:Clinical breast examination to assess for any pal...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the key clinical features that differentiate physiological from pathological nipple discharge?
Key clinical features differentiating physiological from pathological nipple discharge include the nature, laterality, and associated symptoms of the...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What follow-up protocols should I implement for patients with resolved neutropenia?
For patients who have experienced and resolved neutropenia, follow-up protocols should include a thorough clinical reassessment to evaluate the patient's ris...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
How should I manage a patient with neutropenia who is at risk of infection?
Management of a patient with neutropenia at risk of infection involves:Immediate assessment and referral: Suspe...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the indications for referring a patient with neutropenia to a specialist?
Indications for referring a patient with neutropenia to a specialist include:Suspected neutropenic sepsis in patients undergoing...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What initial investigations should I perform for a patient presenting with neutropenia?
For a patient presenting with neutropenia, the initial investigations should include a full blood count to confirm neutropenia and assess other cell lines, k...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What post-operative care should I provide for patients after neurosurgery to ensure optimal recovery?
Post-operative care after neurosurgery should include:Monitoring and managing hydrocephalus: Assess for acute o...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
Which imaging modalities are most effective in diagnosing conditions that may require neurosurgical intervention?
For diagnosing conditions that may require neurosurgical intervention, MRI is the most effective imaging modality due to its superior soft t...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What pre-operative assessments are necessary for patients undergoing neurosurgery for spinal disorders?
Pre-operative assessment for patients undergoing neurosurgery for spinal disorders requires a comprehensive multidisciplinary approach to optimise surgical o...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
How should I manage a patient presenting with acute neurological deficits that may require surgical intervention?
Initial management of a patient presenting with acute neurological deficits potentially requiring surgical intervention involves urgent assessment an...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What are the indications for referring a patient with suspected brain tumours to neurosurgery?
Indications for referring a patient with suspected brain tumours to neurosurgery include:Suspected glioma identified on imaging,...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →
What follow-up protocols should be in place for patients treated for brain tumours to monitor for recurrence?
Follow-up protocols for patients treated for brain tumours should include regular clinical reviews and appropriate imaging to monitor for recurrence 1...
22 Aug 2025View Answer →