Type 1 diabetes mellitus — MRCPCH FOP MCQ

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EasyEndocrinology and growthType 1 diabetes mellitusMRCPCH FOP

A 9-year-old boy has two months of thirst, nocturia and weight loss. Random capillary glucose is 18 mmol/L and urine dipstick shows glucose and ketones. What is the most likely diagnosis?

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Correct answer: C — Type 1 diabetes mellitus

Polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss, hyperglycaemia and ketonuria are typical of type 1 diabetes. Diabetes insipidus causes dilute polyuria without hyperglycaemia or glycosuria. A urinary tract infection would not explain weight loss and high glucose. The pearl is that children with suspected type 1 diabetes need same-day specialist assessment.

Reference: NICE NG18 Diabetes in children and young people