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New type 2 diabetes — RACGP Fellowship MCQ

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HardChronic disease managementNew type 2 diabetesRACGP Fellowship

A 52-year-old man with obesity and hypertension presents with thirst and nocturia. Random glucose is 16.8 mmol/L, HbA1c is 96 mmol/mol, ketones are negative, and he has no weight loss or vomiting. eGFR is 82 mL/min/1.73 m². What is the most appropriate management?

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Correct answer: CDiagnose type 2 diabetes, initiate lifestyle measures and pharmacotherapy promptly, and assess complications

This patient meets diagnostic criteria for type 2 diabetes based on single elevated HbA1c in presence of symptoms. The absence of ketosis or acute emergency means outpatient management is appropriate. Australian guidelines (RACGP) specify that a single HbA1c ≥48 mmol/mol with symptoms confirms diagnosis. Therapeutic Guidelines affirm metformin as the usual first-line pharmacotherapy alongside lifestyle intervention. Options delaying diagnosis, over-escalating care, or omitting needed pharmacotherapy are inappropriate. Insulin pump therapy is advanced and not first-line.

Reference: RACGP – Defining and diagnosing type 2 diabetes (2025); Australian Prescriber – Second steps in managing type 2 diabetes (2018), https://www.racgp.org.au/clinical-resources/clinical-guidelines/key-racgp-guidelines/view-all-racgp-guidelines/management-of-type-2-diabetes/defining-and-diagnosing-type-2-diabetes