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Kawasaki medium-vessel vasculitis — MRCPCH TAS MCQ

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HardPathologyKawasaki medium-vessel vasculitisMRCPCH TAS

A 3-year-old has 7 days of fever, conjunctival injection, cracked lips and swollen hands. Platelets are high and echocardiography shows coronary artery dilatation. What vessel pathology best explains the complication?

Educational content. Not a substitute for clinical judgement or local policy.

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Correct answer: E — Medium-vessel vasculitis involving coronary arteries

Kawasaki disease is a medium-vessel vasculitis with coronary artery aneurysm or dilatation as the key complication. Small-vessel IgA deposition describes IgA vasculitis and would not explain coronary involvement. The pearl is that persistent fever with mucocutaneous features should trigger coronary risk assessment.

Reference: Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics; RCPCH Theory examination syllabi; Lissauer's Illustrated Textbook of Paediatrics