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Sarcoidosis-associated hypercalcemia — ABIM Board MCQ

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ModeratePulmonary/Critical CareSarcoidosis-associated hypercalcemiaABIM Board

A 37-year-old woman has cough, erythema nodosum, ankle pain, and bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy. Serum calcium is 11.2 mg/dL and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D is elevated. Which of the following is the most likely cause?

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Correct answer: CMacrophage-mediated extrarenal 1-alpha hydroxylase activity

Sarcoidosis granulomas contain activated macrophages that convert 25-hydroxyvitamin D to calcitriol, causing increased intestinal calcium absorption and hypercalcemia with suppressed PTH.

Reference: ATS Sarcoidosis Diagnosis Guideline