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Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis — RCPSC EM MCQ

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ModeratePaediatric emergenciesHypertrophic pyloric stenosisRCPSC EM

A 5-week-old boy has progressive non-bilious projectile vomiting after feeds. He remains hungry, has lost weight, and examination shows dehydration. Labs show pH 7.55, chloride 82 mmol/L, potassium 2.9 mmol/L, and bicarbonate 38 mmol/L. What is the most likely diagnosis?

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Correct answer: AHypertrophic pyloric stenosis

Projectile non-bilious vomiting, hunger after feeds and hypochloraemic hypokalaemic metabolic alkalosis are typical of pyloric stenosis.

Reference: Canadian Paediatric Society guidance