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Hypertensive pulmonary oedema — RCPSC EM MCQ

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HardCardiovascular emergenciesHypertensive pulmonary oedemaRCPSC EM

A 73-year-old has acute pulmonary oedema with BP 224/126 mmHg, RR 34/min, oxygen saturation 84% and diffuse crackles. She is alert and perfusing well. What is the most appropriate initial treatment package?

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Correct answer: BUse oxygen and non-invasive ventilation with nitrate vasodilation under monitoring

The best answer is “Use oxygen and non-invasive ventilation with nitrate vasodilation under monitoring”. This is hypertensive acute pulmonary oedema. In a suitable, cooperative patient, oxygen support, non-invasive ventilation and early nitrate vasodilation rapidly address respiratory distress and excessive afterload; diuretics may also be used after initial assessment. Fluids, inotropes, morphine-first management and acute beta-blockade do not match the perfusing hypertensive phenotype.

Reference: Emergency Care BC: Acute Heart Failure—Management: https://emergencycarebc.ca/clinical_resource/clinical-summary/acute-heart-failure-management/