skip to main content

Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia — RACP Paediatrics MCQ

Instant feedback + full explanation. One question, done properly.

ModerateHaematology and oncologyAcute lymphoblastic leukaemiaRACP Paediatrics

A 5-year-old has fatigue, bruising and intermittent leg pain for three weeks. Examination shows pallor, petechiae and hepatosplenomegaly. Full blood count shows anaemia, thrombocytopenia and circulating blasts. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Educational content. Not a substitute for clinical judgement or local policy.

Reveal the answer and explanation

Correct answer: A — Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

Circulating blasts with bicytopenia, bone pain and organomegaly are most consistent with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. ITP usually causes isolated thrombocytopenia without blasts or hepatosplenomegaly. Bone pain can be a presenting feature and may mimic musculoskeletal disease.

Reference: RACP Knowledge Guides; Australian paediatric oncology guidance