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Nephrotic syndrome — RACP Paediatrics MCQ

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EasyRenalNephrotic syndromeRACP Paediatrics

A 4-year-old has periorbital swelling, ankle oedema and frothy urine after a mild viral illness. Blood pressure is normal. Urine dipstick shows 4+ protein and no blood; serum albumin is low. What is the most likely diagnosis?

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Correct answer: C — Steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome

Heavy proteinuria, oedema and hypoalbuminaemia in a preschool child with normal blood pressure and no haematuria suggest steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome. Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis usually has haematuria, hypertension and reduced complement. Infection risk and thrombosis risk should be considered during management.

Reference: RCH Nephrotic syndrome guideline; RACP Knowledge Guides