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Juvenile idiopathic arthritis — RACP Paediatrics MCQ

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ModerateRheumatology and dermatologyJuvenile idiopathic arthritisRACP Paediatrics

A 4-year-old has a swollen right knee for seven weeks. Morning stiffness lasts 45 minutes and improves through the day. She is afebrile and inflammatory markers are mildly elevated. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Educational content. Not a substitute for clinical judgement or local policy.

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Correct answer: D — Oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Chronic monoarthritis with morning stiffness in a young child is suggestive of oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Septic arthritis is usually acute, painful and associated with systemic illness. Children with oligoarticular disease need eye screening for asymptomatic uveitis.

Reference: RACP Knowledge Guides; Australian paediatric rheumatology guidance