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Haemolytic uraemic syndrome — RACP Paediatrics MCQ

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HardRenalHaemolytic uraemic syndromeRACP Paediatrics

A 3-year-old develops pallor and reduced urine output five days after bloody diarrhoea. Blood tests show anaemia with schistocytes, thrombocytopenia and rising creatinine. Blood pressure is high for age. What is the most likely diagnosis?

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Correct answer: B — Shiga toxin-associated haemolytic uraemic syndrome

The triad of microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia and acute kidney injury after bloody diarrhoea is typical of Shiga toxin-associated HUS. ITP causes isolated thrombocytopenia without renal failure or schistocytes. Supportive renal care and fluid balance are central, and antimotility agents should be avoided in diarrhoeal illness.

Reference: RCH Haemolytic uraemic syndrome guideline; RACP Knowledge Guides