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Immune thrombocytopenia — RACP Paediatrics MCQ

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ModerateHaematology and oncologyImmune thrombocytopeniaRACP Paediatrics

A well 3-year-old develops petechiae and bruising one week after a viral illness. Platelet count is 8 x 10^9/L, haemoglobin and neutrophils are normal, and there is no hepatosplenomegaly. What is the most likely diagnosis?

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Correct answer: D — Immune thrombocytopenia

Isolated severe thrombocytopenia in a well child after a viral illness is typical of immune thrombocytopenia. Leukaemia is less likely when other cell lines, examination and smear are reassuring, but red flags should be reviewed carefully. Management depends on bleeding severity rather than platelet count alone.

Reference: RCH Immune thrombocytopenic purpura guideline; RACP Knowledge Guides