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Hypochloraemic metabolic alkalosis — FRCA Primary MCQ

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HardPhysiologyHypochloraemic metabolic alkalosisFRCA Primary

A 26-year-old man with pyloric stenosis has repeated vomiting. ABG shows pH 7.55, PaCO2 6.2 kPa, HCO3- 42 mmol L-1 and chloride 86 mmol L-1. What is the most likely primary disturbance?

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Correct answer: ERespiratory acidosis from hypoventilation

Vomiting causes loss of gastric hydrochloric acid, producing hypochloraemic metabolic alkalosis with compensatory hypoventilation. The raised PaCO2 is compensation, not the primary abnormality, because pH is alkalotic and bicarbonate is high. A low chloride supports chloride-responsive alkalosis. The teaching point is that perioperative alkalosis often reflects volume and chloride depletion.

Reference: RCoA Primary FRCA Syllabus 2026; Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology; West's Respiratory Physiology